Early childhood caries (ECC) - incidence/risk · Preschool children aged <=71 months (caries outcome assessed at 3-6 years)
Children exposed to secondary smoking from infancy have a higher incidence of early childhood caries by age 3 (RR 1.45; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis / periodontal disease and periodontal parameters · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)
E-cigarette users appear more likely to develop periodontal disease and worse periodontal parameters than non-smokers (narrative synthesis; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Narrative synthesis: e-cigarette use associated with increased risk of periodontal and gingival disease and worse periodontal parameters vs non-smokers (Tattar, Shabil, Figueredo, Yang [23,24,30,31]); no pooled…
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Animal caries models (mice, rats, hamsters) challenged/colonized with Streptococcus mutans; one transgenic-plant antigen-expression system
In preclinical animal models, anticaries vaccines significantly reduced dental caries risk (pooled RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.62; random-effects), but the evidence is ungraded and limited to short-term animal studies.
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.53 [0.46, 0.62]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Relative abundance of Veillonella spp. · Individuals assessed for dental caries, predominantly children with early childhood caries (ECC) or severe ECC (age about 1 to 4 years)
Evidence on whether Veillonella spp. relative abundance is higher or lower in children with dental caries than caries-free controls is inconsistent across 7 small observational studies; no pooled estimate was produced and the evidence is ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries (self-reported history) · Japanese adults (present-study direct-to-consumer genetic testing cohort); self-reported disease cases vs controls
Gene-based analysis found ADGRL2 significantly associated with dental caries (FDR q<0.05); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding one study, nocturnal breastfeeding was associated with higher ECC risk (RR 3.05, 95% CI 2.40 to 3.87; I²=33%).
2 findings from 1 review
Incidence of new ICLs (mean number of new lesions per subject) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs
Patients developed on average about 2.29 new ICLs during fixed orthodontic treatment (95% CI 1.12-3.46; very low certainty; very high heterogeneity).
1 finding from 1 review
Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)
In the maxilla, spontaneous space closure occurred in about 85% of cases (9 studies; prevalence not GRADE-rated).
3 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding Peres et al. (2017), breastfeeding for less than 24 months was associated with fewer caries (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.62; I²=6%).
2 findings from 1 review
Incidence of new ICLs (proportion of tooth surfaces developing new lesions) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs
About 15% of tooth surfaces developed new ICLs during fixed orthodontic treatment (pooled 0.15, 95% CI 0.08-0.26; very low certainty; extreme heterogeneity).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
After excluding five studies, breastfeeding was associated with lower ECC risk in cohort studies (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.95; I²=0%).
3 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
Breastfeeding for <12 vs ≥12 months was associated with significantly fewer caries (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86), indicating breastfeeding beyond 12 months increases ECC risk (substantial heterogeneity; ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level · Preschool children ≤6 years, Asia
In Asia, children with S-ECC had lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -19.25 nmol/l; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children)
Serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l (vs ≥75 nmol/l) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 2.00; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Association between patient age and number of ICLs · Patients (permanent dentition) during or after fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances
Patient age was not significantly associated with the number of ICLs (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
Breastfeeding for <18 vs ≥18 months was associated with significantly fewer caries (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.92; substantial heterogeneity; ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children)
Serum 25(OH)D 50–75 nmol/l (vs ≥75 nmol/l) was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 1.42; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease - SNP-based heritability · Japanese adults (present-study cohort)
SNP-based heritability of periodontal disease was low (h2=0.0519, SE 0.0182); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
Breastfeeding for <4 vs ≥4 months was not significantly associated with early childhood caries (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.80-1.13; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Association between orthodontic treatment duration and ICLs incidence · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs
ICLs incidence increased with longer orthodontic treatment duration (meta-regression P<.01; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review