Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 10 days Patients with adverse events, regardless of regimen and dose · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.79, 1.29] | 5 studies · 789 participants | Low |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PCA subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.57, 0.75] | 34 studies · 5801 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PCN subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.71, 1.07] | 4 studies · 688 participants | Low |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PAN subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.52, 0.86] | 10 studies · 1066 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PAQ subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.16, 0.83] | 2 studies · 167 participants | Low |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 7 days Patients with adverse events, regardless of regimen and dose · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [1.06, 1.37] | 25 studies · 3971 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 10 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, regardless of regimen and dose · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.72, 0.89] | 24 studies · 4628 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 10 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PCA subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.7, 0.91] | 17 studies · 3271 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 10 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PCN subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.55, 1.79] | 2 studies · 148 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Perioperative mortality · people with pancreatic surgery Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.56, 1.16] | 18 studies · 2210 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Treatment withdrawal · people with pancreatic surgery Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [0.56, 4.33] | 9 studies · 1220 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Re‐operation · people with pancreatic surgery Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.69, 1.63] | 7 studies · 687 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anastomotic leak · people with pancreatic surgery Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.51, 1.27] | 9 studies · 1585 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Pancreatic fistula (clinically significant) · people with pancreatic surgery Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.38, 1.29] | 4 studies · 292 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Infected abdominal collections · people with pancreatic surgery Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.66, 1.32] | 13 studies · 1965 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Shock · people with pancreatic surgery Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.46, 2.15] | 4 studies · 812 participants | Ungraded |
Post‐surgical chemotherapy vs surgery alone Overall Survival (OS) · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.85 [0.8, 0.9] | 34 studies · 7523 participants | High |
Intervention NR Lymph node mets analysis ‐ N+ OS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.78 [0.67, 0.91] | 4 studies · 877 participants | Moderate |
Post‐surgical chemotherapy vs surgery alone Disease Free Survival · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.79 [0.72, 0.87] | 15 studies · 4133 participants | High |
Intervention NR Chemobased OS ‐ 5‐FU based chemotherapy OS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.88 [0.83, 0.94] | 28 studies · 5694 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Chemobased OS ‐ Platinum‐based chemotherapy OS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.9 [0.81, 1] | 9 studies · 1504 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Chemobased DFS ‐ 5‐FU based chemotherapy DFS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.86 [0.78, 0.95] | 13 studies · 2944 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Chemobased DFS ‐ Platinum‐based chemotherapy DFS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.89 [0.75, 1.06] | 4 studies · 969 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Stage OS analysis ‐ T1/2 OS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.86 [0.71, 1.05] | 5 studies · 1146 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Stage OS analysis ‐ T3/4 OS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.66 [0.41, 1.08] | 4 studies · 1008 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Lymph node mets analysis ‐ N‐ OS · patients with resectable gastric cancer Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.74 [0.41, 1.33] | 2 studies · 402 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Survival · patients with unresectable periampullary carcinoma Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | HR 1.02 [0.84, 1.25] | 2 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Gastric outlet obstruction Clinical symptoms of vomiting with confirmation of the gastric outlet obstruction by radiological or endoscopic investigations · patients with unresectable periampullary carcinoma Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.1 [0.03, 0.37] | 2 studies · 152 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Operating time · patients with unresectable periampullary carcinoma Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Morphine vs metamizole Improvements in pain intensity as defined by the trialist (primary outcome) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.19, 1.33] | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Opioids vs no opioids Supplementary analgesic option offered (primary outcome 2) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.29, 0.57] | 3 studies · 162 participants | Low |
Opioids vs no opioids Pancreatitis complications (secondary outcome 1) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.82, 1.34] | 3 studies · 162 participants | Low |
Opioids vs no opioids Any drug‐related adverse event (secondary outcome 2) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.9, 4.46] | 2 studies · 110 participants | Low |
Opioids vs no opioids Nausea and vomiting (secondary outcome 2) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [0.7, 4] | 2 studies · 55 participants | Low |
Opioids vs no opioids Sedation and somnolence (secondary outcome 2) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain (2013) · Cochrane | RR 5.54 [0.69, 44.79] | 2 studies · 55 participants | Low |
Opioids vs no opioids Death from any cause (secondary outcome 3) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.02, 8.1] | 4 studies · 194 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Serious adverse events · people with mild acute gallstone pancreatitis Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallstone pancreatitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.81] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Hospital stay · people with mild acute gallstone pancreatitis Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallstone pancreatitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Rectal 5‐ASA vs placebo Symptomatic remission · patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Rectal 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 2.22 [1.26, 3.9] | 4 studies · 301 participants | Low |
Rectal 5‐ASA vs oral 5‐ASA Symptomatic remission · patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Rectal 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.92, 1.66] | 2 studies · 69 participants | Low |
Rectal 5‐ASA vs oral 5‐ASA Endoscopic remission · patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Rectal 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.9, 1.45] | 2 studies · 91 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture symptom severity (continuous outcome) IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS‐SSS) · patients with irritable bowel syndrome Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 281 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture quality of life (continuous outcome) IBS Quality of Life (IBS‐QOL) Scale6. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with irritable bowel syndrome Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 253 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs pharmaceutical medications symptom severity (dichotomous outcome) Dichotomous measure of overall symptom severity1 · patients with irritable bowel syndrome Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.12, 1.45] | 5 studies · 449 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Oesophageal cancer‐specific mortality ‐ not measured · patients with oesophageal cancer Screening for oesophageal cancer (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary outcomes ‐ not measured · patients with oesophageal cancer Screening for oesophageal cancer (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Curcumin vs placebo Relapse at 6 months Clinical Disease Activty Index more than 42 · Maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis Curcumin for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.05, 1.09] | 1 study · 89 participants | Low |
Curcumin vs placebo Relapse at 12 months Clinical Disease Activty Index more than 42 · Maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis Curcumin for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.35, 1.4] | 1 study · 89 participants | Low |
Curcumin vs placebo Clinical Activity Index at 6 months Clinical Disease Activty Index 2. Scale from: 0 to 12. · Maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis Curcumin for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 82 participants | Low |
Curcumin vs placebo Endoscopic Index at 6 months Endoscopic Index9. Scale from: 1 to 4. · Maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis Curcumin for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 82 participants | Low |