What do systematic reviews say?

Peri‐cervical tourniquet vs no treatment to reduce blood loss during myomectomy

It is very uncertain whether peri‐cervical tourniquet changes duration of surgery (min) Operative time compared with no treatment to reduce blood loss during myomectomy (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy for fibroids 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Gelatin‐thrombin matrix vs placebo or no treatment to reduce blood loss during myomectomy

Gelatin‐thrombin matrix may leads to higher duration of surgery (min) Operative time compared with placebo or no treatment to reduce blood loss during myomectomy (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy for fibroids 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 5 [1.29, 8.71]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Ascorbic acid vs no treatment to reduce blood loss during myomectomy

Ascorbic acid showed no clear difference in duration of surgery (min) Operative time compared with no treatment to reduce blood loss during myomectomy (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy for fibroids 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 102 participants
  Low

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Epinephrine probably leads to lower surgery rate Number requiring emergency surgery compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

• Epinephrine injection versus epinephrine injection and a second endoscopic method in high‐risk bleeding ulcers 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68
  18 studies · 1841 participants
  Moderate

Tranexamic acid vs placebo

Tranexamic acid probably leads to lower surgery Number of participants who underwent surgery compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61
  7 studies · 1551 participants
  Moderate

Tranexamic acid vs cimetidine or lansoprazole

Tranexamic acid probably leads to lower surgery Number of participants who underwent surgery compared with cimetidine or lansoprazole (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83
  2 studies · 720 participants
  Moderate

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• The role of alpha blockers prior to removal of urethral catheter for acute urinary retention in men 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no local anaesthetic wound infiltration

It is very uncertain whether local anaesthetic wound infiltration changes proportion discharged as day surgery compared with no local anaesthetic wound infiltration (very low certainty).

• Wound infiltration with local anaesthetic agents for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.55 [1.05, 2.28]
  1 study · 97 participants
  Very low

Fewer‐than‐four ports vs four ports

It is very uncertain whether fewer‐than‐four ports changes proportion discharged as day surgery compared with four ports (very low certainty).

• Fewer‐than‐four ports versus four ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.7, 1.22]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Various interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether various interventions changes proportion discharged as day‐surgery compared with control (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain in people undergoing laparoscopic… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.74, 1.34]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes best corrected visual acuity < 6/60 12 months after surgery (very low certainty).

• Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.36, 1.05]
  1 study · 439 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower posterior capsule opacification 12 months after surgery (moderate certainty).

• Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens versus extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.22, 0.66]
  2 studies · 571 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes just after creation of pneumoperitoneum versus end of surgery (very low certainty).

• Methods of intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.65, 1.5]
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Photodynamic therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Supplementary box model training vs standard training

• Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Urodynamics vs clinical management (CM)

Urodynamics showed no clear difference in number treated with surgery compared with clinical management (moderate certainty).

• Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.12]
  5 studies · 982 participants
  Moderate

LC + LCBDE vs LC + post‐operative ERCP

LC + LCBDE showed no clear difference in conversion to open surgery compared with LC + post‐operative ERCP (moderate certainty).

• Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.77 [0.23, 13.81]
  2 studies · 166 participants
  Moderate

LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC

LC + LCBDE showed no clear difference in conversion to open surgery compared with pre‐operative ERCP + LC (moderate certainty).

• Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.46 [0.76, 2.81]
  5 studies · 580 participants
  Moderate

Posterior cruciate ligament retention vs sacrifice (using the same arthroplasty design)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Retention versus sacrifice of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty for treating osteoarthritis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found