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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Standardised formal neonatal resuscitation training (SFNRT) programme vs basic resuscitation training Early neonatal mortality ‐ physician · Neonates delivered stratified by healthcare professionals involved in attending deliveries Standardised formal resuscitation training programmes for reducing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.98, 2.08] | 2 studies · 5986 participants | Low |
Standardised formal neonatal resuscitation training (SFNRT) programme vs basic resuscitation training Early neonatal mortality ‐ family/unattended · Neonates delivered stratified by healthcare professionals involved in attending deliveries Standardised formal resuscitation training programmes for reducing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.54, 0.94] | 2 studies · 12253 participants | Moderate |
MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Death before discharge · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.68, 2.31] | 5 studies · 369 participants | Low |
MFS‐LE vs S‐LE Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
MFS‐LE vs S‐LE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.42, 4.65] | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
MFS‐LE vs S‐LE Any sepsis (clinical and/or culture positive) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.31, 4.02] | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
MFS‐LE vs S‐LE Parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease/cholestasis · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3.32 [0.14, 78.25] | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
OS‐LE vs S‐LE Death before discharge(incidence) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.21, 4.82] | 3 studies · 224 participants | Low |
OS‐LE vs S‐LE Days to regain birth weight (days) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 223 participants | Low |
OS‐LE vs S‐LE Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Low |
OS‐LE vs S‐LE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (incidence ‐ variable definition) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.46, 1.04] | 4 studies · 261 participants | Very low |
OS‐LE vs S‐LE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (sensitivity analysis) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.57, 1.79] | 3 studies · 197 participants | Low |
OS‐LE vs S‐LE Duration of ventilation (days) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 202 participants | Very low |
MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Days to regain birth weight · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 234 participants | Low |
OS‐LE vs S‐LE Any sepsis (clinical and/or culture positive) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.56, 1.36] | 5 studies · 301 participants | Very low |
MS‐LE vs S‐LE Death before discharge · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
MS‐LE vs S‐LE Days to regain birth weight · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
MS‐LE vs S‐LE Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
MS‐LE vs S‐LE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.28, 3.63] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
MS‐LE vs S‐LE Any sepsis (clinical and/or culture positive) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.67, 5.94] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
MS‐LE vs S‐LE Parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease/cholestasis · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 70.83] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
MS‐LE vs S‐LE Hypertriglyceridaemia · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
All fish oil containing LE vs S‐LE Death before discharge · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.69, 2.35] | 5 studies · 399 participants | Low |
All fish oil containing LE vs S‐LE Days to regain birth weight · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 261 participants | Low |
MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 347 participants | Very low |
All fish oil containing LE vs S‐LE Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 374 participants | Very low |
All fish oil containing LE vs S‐LE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.7, 1.5] | 4 studies · 341 participants | Low |
All fish oil containing LE vs S‐LE Any sepsis (clinical and/or culture positive) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.61, 1.39] | 5 studies · 373 participants | Low |
All fish oil containing LE vs S‐LE Retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.06, 2.85] | 3 studies · 256 participants | Low |
All fish oil containing LE vs S‐LE Parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease/cholestasis · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.29, 2.16] | 4 studies · 341 participants | Low |
All alternative LE vs S‐LE Death before discharge · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.66, 2.07] | 7 studies · 623 participants | Low |
All alternative LE vs S‐LE Days to regain birth weight · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 484 participants | Very low |
All alternative LE vs S‐LE Rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 497 participants | Very low |
All alternative LE vs S‐LE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.63, 1.12] | 7 studies · 602 participants | Very low |
All alternative LE vs S‐LE Any sepsis (clinical and/or culture positive) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.23] | 9 studies · 674 participants | Very low |
MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.7, 1.49] | 4 studies · 314 participants | Low |
All alternative LE vs S‐LE Retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.06, 2.85] | 3 studies · 256 participants | Very low |
All alternative LE vs S‐LE Parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease/cholestasis · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.37, 1.86] | 7 studies · 602 participants | Low |
MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Any sepsis (clinical and/or culture positive) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.62, 1.42] | 5 studies · 346 participants | Low |
MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.06, 2.85] | 3 studies · 256 participants | Low |
MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease/cholestasis · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.29, 2.13] | 4 studies · 314 participants | Low |
MFS‐LE vs S‐LE Death before discharge · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.25, 99.95] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
MFS‐LE vs S‐LE Days to regain birth weight · Parenterally fed preterm infants Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract Mortality prior to discharge (from any cause) · Preterm infants for prevention of RDS Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.9, 1.71] | 2 studies · 1123 participants | Moderate |
Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract Death or oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.86, 1.06] | 3 studies · 2009 participants | High |
Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract Pneumothorax · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.85, 1.51] | 6 studies · 2224 participants | Low |
Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract Pulmonary hemorrhage · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.74, 1.59] | 4 studies · 2138 participants | Moderate |
Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract Severe IVH in infants receiving neuroimaging · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.68, 1.09] | 5 studies · 2040 participants | Moderate |
Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract Neurodevelopmental outcome at approximately two years’ corrected age · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs porcine minced lung surfactant extract Mortality prior to discharge · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS Comparison of animal‐derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.51, 3.87] | 1 study · 54 participants | Low |