Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,315 questions · 23,557 findings · 2,311 reviews

No studies found 4,183 · 17.8%GRADE not reported 3,930 · 16.7%Very low 5,371 · 22.8%Low 5,787 · 24.6%Moderate 3,320 · 14.1%High 966 · 4.1%

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CHG‐IPA vs CHG‐A

Premature central line removal, defined as number of central venous catheters (CVC) removed in the trial as deemed by the author as the source of infection (premature central line removal) · neonates that require central line

CHG‐IPA showed no clear difference in premature central line removal, defined as number of central venous… compared with CHG‐A (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHG‐IPA vs PI

Central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) expressed using absolute rates of infants · neonates that require central line

It is very uncertain whether CHG‐IPA changes central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) expressed… compared with PI (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHG‐IPA vs PI

Premature central line removal, defined as number of central venous catheters (CVC) removed in the trial as deemed by the author as the source of infection (premature central line removal) · neonates that require central line

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

CHG‐IPA vs CHG‐A

Proven catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) expressed by the authors of the individual trial as absolute rates · neonates that require central line

CHG‐IPA showed no clear difference in proven catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) expressed by… compared with CHG‐A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHG‐IPA vs CHG‐A

Central‐line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) expressed by the authors of the individual trial as absolute rates · neonates that require central line

CHG‐IPA showed no clear difference in central‐line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) expressed by… compared with CHG‐A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder

Brexpiprazole probably leads to higher adverse effects: akathisia (followed up until the end of the longest compared with antidepressive agents (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents

Weight gain · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder

Brexpiprazole probably leads to higher adverse effects: weight gain (followed up until the end of the longest compared with antidepressive agents (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

Positive‐pressure ventilation after institution of treatment · treatment of apnea

It is very uncertain whether doxapram changes 2a. Need for positive pressure ventilation after initiation of… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Treatment failure · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble may leads to lower treatment failure compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Pneumothorax · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in pneumothorax compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Moderate‐severe nasal injury · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble probably leads to higher moderate‐severe nasal injury compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carious dentin before cavity sealing vs Carious dentin after cavity sealing

MMP-9 expression/activity · Human ex vivo carious dentin under sealed cavities

MMP-9 shows no difference before vs after cavity sealing; the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review