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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Omentoplasty with oesophagogastrostomy vs oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Anastomotic leakage Radiographic contrast study and/or clinical manifestation · patients with oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Omentoplasty for oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.11, 0.55] | 3 studies · 633 participants | Moderate |
Omentoplasty with oesophagogastrostomy vs oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Anastomotic leakage—TTE Radiographic contrast study · patients with oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Omentoplasty for oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.03, 1.03] | 2 studies · 272 participants | Moderate |
Omentoplasty with oesophagogastrostomy vs oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Anastomotic leakage—THE Radiographic contrast study · patients with oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Omentoplasty for oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.07, 0.79] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Moderate |
Omentoplasty with oesophagogastrostomy vs oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Anastomotic leakage—3‐field oesophagectomy Radiographic contrast study and/or clinical manifestation · patients with oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Omentoplasty for oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.09, 1.19] | 1 study · 184 participants | Moderate |
Omentoplasty with oesophagogastrostomy vs oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Anastomotic strictures Barium swallow and/ or endoscope examinationd · patients with oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy Omentoplasty for oesophagogastrostomy after oesophagectomy (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.33, 2.57] | 3 studies · 631 participants | Moderate |
Balloon sensory training biofeedback vs surgery Number improved at one year · Patients with anismus and chronic constipation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.21, 0.89] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Balloon sensory training biofeedback vs surgery Constipation score at one year · Patients with anismus and chronic constipation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Balloon sensory training biofeedback vs botulinum toxin‐A Constipation score at one year · Patients with anismus and chronic constipation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
EMG biofeedback vs diazepam Number improved at three months · Patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia and chronic constipation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3 [1.51, 5.98] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
EMG biofeedback vs STARR procedure Treatment success at one year1 · Patients with obstructed defecation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.26, 0.65] | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
EMG biofeedback vs STARR procedure Obstructed defecation score at one year · Patients with obstructed defecation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
EMG biofeedback vs laxative Major clinical improvement at six months · Patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia and chronic constipation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | RR 3.65 [2.17, 6.13] | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Manometry biofeedback vs sham biofeedback Complete spontaneous bowel movements per week at three months · Patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia and chronic constipation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Manometry biofeedback vs standard care Complete spontaneous bowel movements per week at three months · Patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia and chronic constipation Biofeedback for treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Manual acupuncture vs cisapride Symptom scores of FD Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.91, 1.16] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Electroacupuncture vs itopride Symptom scores of FD Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.98, 1.27] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture FD symptom scores Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture FD symptom scores at · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Nepean Dyspepsia Symptom Index · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 128 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 128 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Nepean Dyspepsia Symptom Index at · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index at · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture SF‐36 SF‐36 scale · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Manual acupuncture vs cisapride Adverse effects Discomfort after treatment · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.07, 0.69] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Manual acupuncture vs cisapride Frequency of FD symptoms Number of FD attacks per week · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.75, 1.4] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Manual acupuncture vs domperidone Symptom scores of FD Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.97, 1.58] | 1 study · 62 participants | Low |
Manual‐electroacupuncture vs domperidone Symptom scores of FD Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [1, 1.3] | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Manual‐electroacupuncture vs domperidone Symptom scores of ulceration subtype Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.26, 2.51] | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Manual‐electroacupuncture vs domperidone Symptom scores of regurgitation subtype Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.42, 1.86] | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Manual‐electroacupuncture vs domperidone Symptom scores of dyskinesia subtype Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.76, 1.89] | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Manual‐electroacupuncture vs domperidone Symptom scores of nonspecific subtype Graded by 4 levels1 · patients with functional dyspepsia Acupuncture for functional dyspepsia (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [0.77, 2.76] | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Antioxidant vs control intervention Pain visual analogue score Scale from 0 to 10 · patients with pain in chronic pancreatitis Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 129 participants | Moderate |
Antioxidant vs control intervention Pain‐free participants · patients with pain in chronic pancreatitis Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.73 [0.95, 3.15] | 3 studies · 264 participants | Low |
Antioxidant vs control intervention Adverse effects—parallel trials · patients with pain in chronic pancreatitis Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 4.43 [1.6, 12.29] | 3 studies · 212 participants | Moderate |
Antioxidant vs control intervention Adverse effects—cross‐over trials (unpaired data) · patients with pain in chronic pancreatitis Antioxidants for pain in chronic pancreatitis (2014) · Cochrane | RR 5.8 [1.56, 21.53] | 5 studies · 192 participants | Moderate |
Trichuris suis eggs vs placebo Clinical remission · induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Helminth therapy (worms) for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.4 [0.27, 21.63] | 1 study · 54 participants | Low |
Trichuris suis eggs vs placebo Clinical improvement at 12 weeks · induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Helminth therapy (worms) for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.6 [0.97, 6.95] | 1 study · 54 participants | Low |
Pancreatic resection vs palliative treatment Overall mortality · patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (2014) · Cochrane | HR 0.38 [0.25, 0.58] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Very low |
Pancreatic resection vs palliative treatment Length of hospital stay · patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Pancreatic resection vs palliative treatment Costs · patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer Resection versus other treatments for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Proton pump inhibitor vs control Number of participants with worsening scores in corporal atrophy · people with pre‐malignant lesions Long‐term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the development of gastric pre‐malignant lesions (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.5 [0.59, 3.8] | 4 studies · 1070 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitor vs control Number of participants with worsening scores in corporal intestinal metaplasia · people with pre‐malignant lesions Long‐term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the development of gastric pre‐malignant lesions (2014) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [0.43, 5.03] | 5 studies · 1408 participants | Low |
Proton pump inhibitor vs control Increase in the number of participants with simple (diffuse) hyperplasia after treatment · people with pre‐malignant lesions Long‐term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the development of gastric pre‐malignant lesions (2014) · Cochrane | OR 5.01 [1.54, 16.26] | 6 studies · 1705 participants | Very low |
Proton pump inhibitor vs control Increase in the number of participants with linear/micronodular (focal) hyperplasia, comparing final biopsies with baseline biopsies · people with pre‐malignant lesions Long‐term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the development of gastric pre‐malignant lesions (2014) · Cochrane | OR 3.98 [1.31, 12.16] | 6 studies · 1705 participants | Low |
Intervention NR PPI versus placebo Symptomatic outcome measures · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.32, 0.44] | 2 studies · 760 participants | High |
Intervention NR H2RA versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.6, 0.99] | 2 studies · 1013 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Prokinetic versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 322 participants | High |
Intervention NR PPI versus H2RA · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.6, 0.73] | 7 studies · 3147 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR PPI versus prokinetic · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.32, 0.87] | 2 studies · 747 participants | Low |
Intervention NR PPI versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.65, 0.78] | 10 studies · 3710 participants | Moderate |