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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Asthma Clinics (Intervention) vs Controls Quality of life · patients with asthma Primary care based clinics for asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 271 participants | Ungraded |
Asthma Clinics (Intervention) vs Controls Hospital admissions Number of people experiencing one or more hospitalisations · patients with asthma Primary care based clinics for asthma (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.09, 1.21] | 2 studies · 344 participants | Low |
Asthma Clinics (Intervention) vs Controls Days lost from work Number of people reporting one or more instances of time off work or school · patients with asthma Primary care based clinics for asthma (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 263 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Readmission to hospital, inpatient. Number of people experiencing one or more readmissions ( · exacerbations of COPD Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.59, 0.99] | 8 studies · 870 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality ( · exacerbations of COPD Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.4, 1.04] | 7 studies · 845 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Patient satisfaction Number of people stating to be very satisfied with treatment ( · exacerbations of COPD Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.96, 1.17] | 2 studies · 158 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Carer satisfaction Number of carers stating to be very satisfied with treatment ( · exacerbations of COPD Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.79, 1.19] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR FEV1 litres · exacerbations of COPD Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 432 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of life SGRQ ( · exacerbations of COPD Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 332 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Direct costs ( · exacerbations of COPD Hospital at home for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 339 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Lung function · adults and children with asthma Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Hospital admissions · adults and children with asthma Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality · patients with asthma Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Endotracheal intubation · patients with asthma Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 4.48 [0.23, 89.13] | 2 studies · 86 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Length of hospital stay · patients with asthma Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Number of hospital admissions · patients with asthma Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.28 [0.09, 0.84] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR FEV1 (% predicted) Percentage scale from: 1% to 150%. · patients with asthma Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute… (2012) · Cochrane | MD 14.02 [7.73, 20.32] | 2 studies · 66 participants | Low |
Intervention NR FVC (% predicted) Percentage scale from: 1% to 150%. · patients with asthma Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute… (2012) · Cochrane | MD 12.27 [4.38, 20.16] | 2 studies · 66 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Respiratory rate (breaths per minute). Scale from: 12 to 40. · patients with asthma Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to severe acute… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 146 participants | Low |
Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo Clinical failure Number of children with no significant improvement in cough diary scores at two weeks (average of day 13 to 14) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.38 [0.37, 5.14] | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo Daytime cough diary scores (change from baseline) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo Night time cough diary score (change from baseline) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo Night time VAS (change from baseline) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo Difficulty expectorating sputum score (change from baseline) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo Lung function: FVC % predicted (baseline to end point) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Human deoxyribonuclease vs placebo Lung function: FEV1 % predicted (baseline to end point) · children with primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Combined inhalers vs LABAs Annual Exacerbation Rates · COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for… (2012) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.76 [0.68, 0.84] | 9 studies · 99211 participants | Low |
Combined inhalers vs LABAs Number of people experiencing one or more exacerbations · COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for… (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98] | 6 studies · 3357 participants | Moderate |
Combined inhalers vs LABAs Annual hospitalisation rates · COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for… (2012) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.79 [0.55, 1.13] | 3 studies · 48791 participants | Very low |
Combined inhalers vs LABAs Mortality · COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for… (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.76, 1.11] | 10 studies · 10681 participants | Moderate |
Combined inhalers vs LABAs Pneumonia · COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for… (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.55 [1.2, 2.01] | 12 studies · 11076 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR SAEs ‐ formoterol versus placebo ( · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.57 [1.05, 2.37] | 19 studies · 6646 participants | High |
Intervention NR SAEs ‐ formoterol versus salbutamol ( · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.37, 1.43] | 9 studies · 2119 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality (all‐cause) ‐ formoterol versus placebo ( · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.52 [0.24, 9.71] | 14 studies · 5463 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality (all‐cause) ‐ formoterol versus salbutamol ( · patients with chronic asthma Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.03, 8.05] | 6 studies · 1418 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR SAEs ‐ formoterol versus placebo ( · patients with chronic asthma (children) Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2012) · Cochrane | OR 2.82 [1.16, 6.83] | 5 studies · 1335 participants | High |
Intervention NR SAEs ‐ formoterol versus salbutamol · patients with chronic asthma (children) Regular treatment with formoterol for chronic asthma: serious adverse events (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol All‐cause mortality in adults · patients with asthma Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1116 participants | Low |
Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol All‐cause mortality in children · patients with asthma Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 156 participants | Very low |
Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol All‐cause SAEs in adults · patients with asthma Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious… (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.46, 1.28] | 3 studies · 1116 participants | Low |
Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol All‐cause SAEs in children · patients with asthma Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious… (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.06, 15.33] | 1 study · 156 participants | Very low |
Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol Asthma‐related SAEs in adults · patients with asthma Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious… (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.29, 2.57] | 3 studies · 1116 participants | Low |
Regular formoterol vs regular salmeterol Asthma‐related SAEs in children · patients with asthma Regular treatment with formoterol versus regular treatment with salmeterol for chronic asthma: serious… (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 156 participants | Very low |
Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg Dyspnoea score Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · individuals with COPD Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Yoga vs no breathing exercises Walking capacity Change in 6‐minute walk distance (m) · individuals with COPD Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 74 participants | Moderate |
Yoga vs no breathing exercises Health‐related quality of life Total score for St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire · individuals with COPD Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Moderate |
Pursed lip breathing vs expiratory muscle training Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · individuals with COPD Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |
Pursed lip breathing vs expiratory muscle training Dyspnoea during daily life University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire Scores range from 0 to 120, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · individuals with COPD Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Low |
Ventilation feedback training vs exercise training Exercise endurance Duration of constant work rate exercise test (minutes) · individuals with COPD Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise alone Exercise endurance Duration of constant work rate exercise test on treadmill · individuals with COPD Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |