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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Lateral vs supine Long‐term complications (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic lung disease) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral vs supine Short‐term complications (respiratory) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral vs supine Short‐term complications (procedural) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral vs supine Periventricular or intraventricular haemorrhage · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral vs supine Bronchopulmonary dysplasia or chronic lung disease · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral vs supine Oxygenation SpO21 · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 206 participants | Very low |
Lateral vs supine Desaturations · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs supine Long‐term complications (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic lung disease) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs supine Short‐term complications (respiratory) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs supine Short‐term complications (procedural) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs supine Periventricular or intraventricular haemorrhage · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs supine Oxygenation: PO2 (mmHg)a · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 116 participants | Moderate |
Prone vs supine Oxygenation: SpO2e · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 308 participants | Very low |
Prone vs supine SpO2 at ‐ sensitivity low risk; selection bias · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 92 participants | Moderate |
Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula Weight (grams) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 523 participants | Moderate |
Preterm formula vs standard term formula Crown‐heel length (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 130 participants | Moderate |
Preterm formula vs standard term formula Crown‐heel length (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 160 participants | Moderate |
Preterm formula vs standard term formula Head circumference (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 130 participants | Moderate |
Preterm formula vs standard term formula Head circumference (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 160 participants | Moderate |
Preterm formula vs standard term formula Development ‐ Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Mental Development Index · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 143 participants | High |
Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula Weight (grams) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 576 participants | Moderate |
Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula Crown‐heel length (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 523 participants | Moderate |
Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula Crown‐heel length (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 576 participants | Moderate |
Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula Head circumference (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 523 participants | Moderate |
Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula Head circumference (mm) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 576 participants | Moderate |
Postdischarge formula vs standard term formula Development ‐ Bayley Scales of Infant Development II: Mental Development Index · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 184 participants | High |
Preterm formula vs standard term formula Weight (grams) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 130 participants | Moderate |
Preterm formula vs standard term formula Weight (grams) · preterm infants after hospital discharge Nutrient‐enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 273 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clearance of proven sepsis · neonates with suspected or proven sepsis One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.84, 1.19] | 3 studies · 37 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure to achieve peak levels of at least 5 microgram/ml (measured 0.5 to one hour after administration of any dose of gentamicin) · neonates with suspected or proven sepsis One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.11, 0.47] | 9 studies · 422 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Nephrotoxicity (End of study period or before discharge) · neonates with suspected or proven sepsis One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 348 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Ototoxicity (End of study period or before discharge) · neonates with suspected or proven sepsis One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [0.18, 16.25] | 5 studies · 214 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure to achieve trough levels of ≤2 microgram/ml ( · neonates with suspected or proven sepsis One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.27, 0.55] | 11 studies · 503 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Weight gain in first 7 days of study (g/day) · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 522 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Not breastfeeding at hospital discharge · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 957 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Not breastfeeding at six months · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.95] | 803 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Not fully breastfeeding at hospital discharge · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.52, 0.71] | 893 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Not fully breastfeeding at six months · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 803 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Length of stay (days) · Newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 823 participants | Low |
Responsive vs scheduled feeding Weight change during study period (g/kg/day) · preterm infants Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 305 participants | Low |
Responsive vs scheduled feeding Time to establishment of full oral feeds (after trial entry) · preterm infants Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 167 participants | Low |
Cycled light (CL) vs irregular dimmed light or near darkness (ND) Weight (g) at 4 months · preterm or low birth weight infants undergoing hospital care Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Cycled light (CL) vs irregular dimmed light or near darkness (ND) Length of stay (days) (CL from 32 weeks' PMA) · preterm or low birth weight infants undergoing hospital care Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 77 participants | Low |
Cycled light (CL) vs continuous bright light (CBL) Length of stay (days) (CL from birth) · preterm or low birth weight infants undergoing hospital care Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 79 participants | Low |
Cycled light (CL) vs continuous bright light (CBL) Days on ventilator (CL from birth) · preterm or low birth weight infants undergoing hospital care Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality: longest · infants 1 to 6 months of age Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.89, 1.25] | 9 studies · 21339 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Morbidity: diarrhoea: point prevalence · infants 1 to 6 months of age Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.05] | 2 studies · 9891 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse effects: bulging fontanelle within 48 to 72 hours · infants 1 to 6 months of age Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.1 [1.89, 5.09] | 9 studies · 13493 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse effects: vomiting 48 to 72 hours · infants 1 to 6 months of age Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.67, 1.35] | 2 studies · 2187 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects: diarrhoea 48 to 72 hours · infants 1 to 6 months of age Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.82, 1.4] | 3 studies · 2176 participants | Low |