Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,801 questions · 4,079 findings · 473 reviews

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No studies found 669 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 852 · 20.9%Very low 738 · 18.1%Low 903 · 22.1%Moderate 716 · 17.6%High 201 · 4.9%

Summary of findings: oral β‐carotene vs placebo

Time to next exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: oral antioxidant combination vs control

Time to next exacerbation · children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: oral antioxidant combination vs control

Time to next exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 69 participants
Low

Summary of findings: inhaled antioxidants vs placebo

Time to next exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: oral antioxidants (NAC/GSH) vs placebo

Time to next exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SOCIAL SKILLS vs no intervention

ADHD symptoms · Children and adolescents with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Social skills training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 1379 participants
Very low

Summary of findings ‐ ivacaftor vs placebo

Time to first pulmonary exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and with at least one G551D CFTR mutation

Summary of findings ‐ ivacaftor probably leads to lower time to first pulmonary exacerbation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Potentiators (specific therapies for class III and IV mutations) for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.46 [0.29, 0.73]
1 study · 161 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ ivacaftor vs placebo

Time to first pulmonary exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and with at least one R117H CFTR mutation

Summary of findings ‐ ivacaftor showed no clear difference in time to first pulmonary exacerbation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Potentiators (specific therapies for class III and IV mutations) for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.93 [0.42, 2.08]
1 study · 69 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ ivacaftor vs placebo

Time to first pulmonary exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and with the F508del CFTR mutation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Potentiators (specific therapies for class III and IV mutations) for cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aerobic exercise and strength training vs usual care

Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity · children and adults with SMA type 3

1 finding from 1 review

Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

Pulmonary exacerbations · children (aged 1 to 12 years) with CF and a newly isolated PA infection

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 253 participants
Moderate

Mobilization of community first responders (CFRs) in addition to routine emergency medical services (EMS) care vs routine EMS care

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed before EMS arrival · adults and children more than 4 weeks old suffering from OHCA

1 finding from 1 review

Community first responders for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 665 participants
Moderate

Hyperbaric oxygen (following replantation) vs control

Pulpal healing at 12 months · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth

It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric oxygen (following replantation) changes pulpal healing at 12 months compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 1.25 [1.06, 1.48]
1 study · 69 participants
Very low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Duration of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes duration of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -8.98 [-15.17, -2.79]
5 studies · 162 participants
Very low

4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

4% prilocaine plain showed no clear difference in success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.93 [0.75, 1.17]
2 studies · 60 participants
Low

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Success of local anaesthesia, absence of pain (clinical testing of diseased pulps with irreversible pulpitis) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine may leads to higher success of local anaesthesia, absence of pain (clinical testing of… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
10 minutes post-injection to end of clinical procedure
RR 1.6 [1.1, 2.32]
4 studies · 203 participants
Low

4% articaine plain vs 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine plain changes success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.58 [0.33, 1.01]
2 studies · 134 participants
Very low

2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine changes success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.12]
7 studies · 210 participants
Very low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes duration of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 10.33 [-22.08, 42.74]
2 studies · 40 participants
Very low

4% articaine plain vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine plain changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 0.13 [-0.54, 0.80]
2 studies · 100 participants
Very low