What do systematic reviews say?

Early physical therapy vs control

Early physical therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ in total population randomised compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.36 [0.14, 80.62]
  1 study · 104 participants
  Moderate

Electrical muscle stimulation vs control

It is very uncertain whether electrical muscle stimulation changes occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in the total population randomised compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.15]
  1 study · 140 participants
  Very low

Electrical muscle stimulation vs control

It is very uncertain whether electrical muscle stimulation changes occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in screened population compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.1, 1.01]
  1 study · 52 participants
  Very low

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

Intensive insulin therapy probably leads to lower occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in screened population compared with conventional insulin therapy (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.55, 0.77]
  2 studies · 825 participants
  Moderate

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2748 participants
  High

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2748 participants
  High

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

Intensive insulin therapy showed no clear difference in death ‐ at 30 days after ICU admission, in total population randomised compared with conventional insulin therapy (high certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.8, 1.1]
  2 studies · 2748 participants
  High

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

Intensive insulin therapy showed no clear difference in death ‐ at 180 days after ICU admission, in total population… compared with conventional insulin therapy (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.76, 1]
  2 studies · 2748 participants
  Moderate

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

Intensive insulin therapy leads to higher serious adverse events, ‐ in total population randomised ‐… compared with conventional insulin therapy (high certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 6.27 [4.15, 9.49]
  2 studies · 2748 participants
  High

Corticosteroids vs placebo compared

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in total population randomised compared with placebo compared (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [0.77, 2.08]
  1 study · 180 participants
  Low

Corticosteroids vs placebo compared

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in screened population compared with placebo compared (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.53, 2.26]
  1 study · 92 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 490 participants
  Very low

Nonselective beta‐blockers vs placebo

• Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta‐blockers for primary hypertension 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 948 participants
  Very low

Deferasirox vs deferoxamine

• Deferasirox for managing transfusional iron overload in people with sickle cell disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 173 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo

• Statins for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 17802 participants
  Moderate

Ambroxol vs placebo or no treatment

Ambroxol showed no clear difference in other events in newborns ‐ Administration of pulmonary surfactant… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Ambroxol for women at risk of preterm birth for preventing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.61, 2.3]
  1 study · 88 participants
  Low

An extended NVP regimen administered to infants for 6 weeks vs sdNVP

An extended NVP regimen administered to infants for 6 weeks may leads to higher genotypic Resistance to NVP among Indian infants HIV‐infected in… compared with sdNVP (low certainty).

• Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.42 [1.47, 3.97]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Low

An extended NVP regimen administered to infants for 6 weeks vs sdNVP

An extended NVP regimen administered to infants for 6 weeks showed no clear difference in genotypic Resistance to NVP among Indian infants HIV‐infected… compared with sdNVP (low certainty).

• Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.2, 5.33]
  1 study · 33 participants
  Low

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 670 participants
  Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

• Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 376 participants
  High