Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

121 questions · 128 findings · 18 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 21 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 4 · 3.1%Very low 40 · 31.3%Low 40 · 31.3%Moderate 20 · 15.6%High 3 · 2.3%

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · people after iliac crest bone graft harvesting

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Thoracic LASB + steroid vs subcutaneous local anaesthetic+ steroid · adults with CRPS

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Local anaesthetic plus vasoconstrictor vs no analgesia

Pain scores during procedure (VAS: 0 to 100) · women undergoing outpatient colposcopy treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Pain relief for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing colposcopy treatment 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 95 participants
Low

Local anaesthetic infiltration (lignocaine 2%) vs Normal saline

Pain scores during procedure (VAS: 0 to 100) · women undergoing outpatient colposcopy treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Pain relief for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia undergoing colposcopy treatment 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 130 participants
Low

Subdiaphragmatic intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control

Incidence of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

Subdiaphragmatic intraperitoneal local anaesthetic showed no clear difference in incidence of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.72 [0.42, 1.23]
4 studies · 336 participants
Moderate

Subdiaphragmatic intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control

Severity of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Subdiaphragmatic intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control

Adverse events · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 165 participants
GRADE not reported

Subdiaphragmatic intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control

Analgesia usage · women undergoing a diagnostic or operative laparoscopic gynaecological procedure

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 129 participants
Low

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

Incidence of STP within 4‐8 hours post‐operatively · women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic procedures

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) may leads to lower incidence of STP within 4‐8 hours post‐operatively compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.23 [0.06, 0.93]
2 studies · 157 participants
Low

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

Severity of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively · women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

Adverse events · women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

Analgesia usage · women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ 2 site (4‐8 o?clock) paracervical block vs 4 site (2‐4‐8‐10 o?clock) paracervical block

Pain with aspiration – local anaesthetica,b,d,e · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation (Renner 2016) and seven to 12 weeks' gestation (Glantz 2001)

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthesia for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 201 participants
Moderate

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

Local anaesthetic consumption per hour (mg/hr)c during labour epidural analgesia · term, pregnant women (nulliparous, or combination of nulli‐ and muliparous) requesting for labour epidural analgesia

1 finding from 1 review

Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1642 participants
Moderate

Locally injected anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · Women being investigated for infertility

2 findings from 1 review

Pain relief in hysterosalpingography 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 125 participants
Low
Pain relief in hysterosalpingography 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 125 participants
Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.16 [0.09, 0.28]
12 studies · 1220 participants
Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.51]
2 studies · 94 participants
Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.02, 0.69]
2 studies · 120 participants
Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine changes presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.18, 5.82]
4 studies · 274 participants
Very low