Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

578 questions · 600 findings · 55 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 143 · 23.8%GRADE not reported 69 · 11.5%Very low 100 · 16.7%Low 142 · 23.7%Moderate 116 · 19.3%High 30 · 5%

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE probably leads to higher relapse: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Hospital admissions · patients with schizophrenia

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE probably leads to higher hospitalisation: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Global state: average score: long term (+ 26 weeks) Global Assessment Scale (GAS). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with schizophrenia
2 findings from 1 review

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) changes adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as… compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Leaving the study early/ loss to · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) changes leaving the study early/ loss to compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS vs daily ICS

Number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring treatment with oral steroids · Children and adults with persistent asthma.

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in patients with 1 or more exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids… compared with daily ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS vs daily ICS

Patients with serious adverse health events (duration 12 to 52 weeks) · Children and adults with persistent asthma.

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in patients with serious adverse health events (duration 12 to 52 weeks) compared with daily ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS vs daily ICS

Patients with at least 1 exacerbation requiring emergency department/acute care visit (duration 12 to 52 weeks) · Children and adults with persistent asthma.

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in patients with at least 1 exacerbation requiring emergency… compared with daily ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS vs daily ICS

Change from baseline AM PEFR (%) (duration 44 to 52 weeks) · Children and adults with persistent asthma.

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in change from baseline AM PEFR (%) (duration 44 to 52 weeks) compared with daily ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS vs daily ICS

Change from baseline mean daily use of β2‐agonists (puffs/day) (duration 24 to 44 weeks) · Children and adults with persistent asthma.

Intermittent 'as needed' ICS showed no clear difference in change from baseline mean daily use of β2‐agonists (puffs/day)… compared with daily ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review