Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

311 questions · 316 findings · 105 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 14 · 4.4%GRADE not reported 11 · 3.5%Very low 143 · 45.3%Low 79 · 25%Moderate 66 · 20.9%High 3 · 0.9%

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY + MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING vs usual care

Lost to treatment · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

Cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Lost to treatment compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment only/Intensive case management/Specialised case management services vs usual care

Lost to treatment · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment… changes leaving the study early: Lost to treatment compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ECT plus standard care changes satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving… compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes leaving the study early: short‐term – for any reason compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

Group A: omega‐3 fatty acids showed no clear difference in satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Long‐term… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B antipsychotic drugs: amisulpiride + needs‐focused intervention vs needs‐focused intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B antipsychotic drugs: amisulpiride + needs‐focused intervention changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with needs‐focused intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine + supportive intervention vs placebo or supportive treatment

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine + supportive intervention changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with placebo + supportive intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early (events)… compared with needs‐based intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review