C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood · the child
Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood compared with single course (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
C3: Survival free of neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood · the child
Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C3: Survival free of neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood compared with single course (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
C4: Survival free of major neurodevelopmental impairment atearly childhood · the child
Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C4: Survival free of major neurodevelopmental impairment atearly… compared with single course (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Offspring mortality, early neurodevelopmental morbidity or late neurodevelopmental morbidity · women at risk of preterm birth
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Death or neurodevelopmental impairment in early years · babies born preterm, and their mothers
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Early preterm birth < 34 weeks · pregnant women and their babies
The intervention leads to lower early preterm birth < 34 weeks (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery
1 finding from 1 review
Early initiation of breastfeeding · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Early initiation of breastfeeding · women exposed to interventions intended to promote breastfeeding
It is very uncertain whether non‐healthcare professional‐led breastfeeding education and support changes early initiation of breastfeeding compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early or late miscarriage · pregnant women
Multivitamin plus iron plus folate showed no clear difference in early or late miscarriage ‐ Multivitamin + iron + folic acid versus… compared with iron plus folate (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early or late miscarriage · pregnant women
Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in early or late miscarriage compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early or late miscarriage · pregnant women
Vitamin A plus iron plus folate showed no clear difference in early or late miscarriage ‐ Vitamin A + iron + folate versus iron +… compared with iron plus folate (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of women with any breastfeeding at 6 months (nearly exclusive breastfeeding) · 176 healthy mother‐infant dyads after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (rooming‐in: 132, separate care: 44)
Comparison between rooming‐in showed no clear difference in proportion of women with any breastfeeding at 6 months (nearly… compared with separate care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early infant death (0‐3 days) [ · pregnant women giving birth in non‐facility settings
Prophylactic oxytocin injection (delivered by community health… showed no clear difference in early infant death (0‐3 days) [ compared with control (no injection) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Early induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
Any antibiotic showed no clear difference in probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Early induction of labour compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Late induction of labour · pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
It is very uncertain whether any antibiotic changes probable early‐onset neonatal sepsis ‐ Late induction of labour compared with placebo or no antibiotic (subgrouped by timing of induction of labour) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review