What do systematic reviews say?

Oral hydromorphone vs placebo

• Hydromorphone for neuropathic pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 94 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Fentanyl for neuropathic pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 163 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Fentanyl for neuropathic pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 163 participants
  Very low

COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs placebo

Aripiprazole showed no clear difference in numbers completing double‐blind treatment Number of participants compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Aripiprazole alone or in combination for acute mania 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.95, 1.12]
  2216 participants
  Moderate

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple leads to lower primary anaesthesia failure compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.27 [0.19, 0.39]
  12 studies · 966 participants
  High

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.55, 1.03]
  7 studies · 716 participants
  High

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple leads to lower secondary analgesia failure ‐ tourniquet pain compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.33, 0.84]
  7 studies · 719 participants
  High

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in complete failure of block1 compared with double‐injection technique (low certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.24 [0.04, 1.41]
  9 studies · 630 participants
  Low

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 524 participants
  Moderate

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in intravascular injection compared with double‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.32, 1.49]
  7 studies · 676 participants
  Moderate

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 510 participants
  Low

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis vs Double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis

It is very uncertain whether single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis changes anastomotic leak Odds ratio compared with double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis (very low certainty).

• Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.76 [0.44, 1.32]
  7 studies · 842 participants
  Very low

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis vs Double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis

• Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 218 participants
  Low

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis vs Double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis

• Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 390 participants
  Low

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis vs Double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis showed no clear difference in mortality Odds ratio compared with double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis (low certainty).

• Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.56 [0.19, 1.63]
  4 studies · 403 participants
  Low

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis vs Double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis showed no clear difference in major complications Odds ratio compared with double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis (low certainty).

• Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.71 [0.44, 1.16]
  7 studies · 842 participants
  Low

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis vs Double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis showed no clear difference in anastomotic leak in high quality trials Odds ratio compared with double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis (moderate certainty).

• Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.13 [0.42, 3.01]
  3 studies · 353 participants
  Moderate

Single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis vs Double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis

It is very uncertain whether single layer gastrointestinal anastomosis changes anastomotic leak in poor quality trials Odds ratio compared with double layer gastrointestinal anastomosis (very low certainty).

• Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.63 [0.32, 1.24]
  4 studies · 489 participants
  Very low

Surface‐modified vs standard catheter

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 262 participants
  Low

Surface‐modified vs standard catheter

It is very uncertain whether surface‐modified changes death from any cause at day 28 of compared with standard double‐lumen catheter with identical geometry and flow design (very low certainty).

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.76, 1.53]
  1 study · 236 participants
  Very low