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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

828 questions · 1,477 findings · 103 reviews

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No studies found 5 · 0.3%GRADE not reported 1,402 · 94.9%Very low 38 · 2.6%Low 20 · 1.4%Moderate 11 · 0.7%High 1 · 0.1%

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years in Japan

The single Japanese study yielded a degenerate estimate of OR 0.00 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.00; ungraded, single study).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years (studies published 2015 or later)

In studies published from 2015 onward, OHPPs were associated with lower DMFT (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.53; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years in Finland

The single Finnish study showed lower DMFT/S with OHPP (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.56; ungraded, single study).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral-health promotion programs (OHPPs): community-based oral-health education/training, supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and topical fluoride, dental screening, and dietary advice vs No oral-health promotion program, or a differing (usual-care) action under similar conditions

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Children aged 0-12 years (studies published before 2015)

In studies published before 2015, OHPPs were associated with lower DMFT (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.13; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Problem-driven / less regular dental visiting vs More frequent / regular dental visits

Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

A higher frequency of dental visits was associated with lower caries, while problem-driven visiting was associated with higher severe early childhood caries (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Humans who use e-cigarettes (adolescents to adults) assessed for dental caries

A meta-analysis of 3 studies compared DMFT/DMFS in e-cigarette users vs non-smokers, but the pooled effect appears only in Figure 3A (unavailable) and heterogeneity was very high (I2=98%); the effect of vaping on dental caries remains unclear (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers

Untreated dental caries and caries risk · Humans who use e-cigarettes (adolescents to adults) assessed for dental caries

Across individual cross-sectional studies, e-cigarette users tended to have more untreated caries and higher caries risk than non-smokers (per-study OR ~2.0-4.2), but results were not pooled (ungraded, narrative).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal smoking during pregnancy vs No maternal smoking during pregnancy

Dental caries in children · Children of mothers assessed for smoking status during pregnancy (early childhood dental caries)

In the USA study, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of childhood dental caries (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.49).

15 findings from 1 review
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Genome-wide common variants (additive dosage; present-study GWAS) vs Genome-wide significance threshold (P<5E-8)

Dental caries - genome-wide-significant loci · Japanese adults (present-study cohort: 30,859 dental caries cases / 14,666 controls)

The present Japanese GWAS found no genome-wide-significant loci for dental caries (top suggestive rs140784657); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies two novel loci associated with dental caries. 2024 All outcomes
    Lifelong (germline genotype) · Population-based genetic association study (Japanese direct-to-consumer genetic testing cohort) · Present-study GWAS (Japanese)
    In the present Japanese GWAS, no loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5E-8) for dental caries; several loci reached the suggestive level (P<1E-5). Top-associated variant rs140784657 (intergenic). All 47 lead…
    1 study · 45525 participants
    GRADE not reported

rs10974056 effect allele A (intron variant in GLIS3, chr9:3,889,264) vs Non-effect allele C

Dental caries · Adults from Japanese and European cohorts (present-study Japanese direct-to-consumer cohort + GLIDE consortium and UK Biobank European…

Meta-analysis identified a novel genome-wide-significant locus for dental caries at rs10974056 in GLIS3 (P=3.93E-08); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

rs4801882 effect allele G (intron variant in SIGLEC5, chr19:52,127,053) vs Non-effect allele A

Dental caries · Adults from Japanese and European cohorts (present-study Japanese direct-to-consumer cohort + GLIDE consortium and UK Biobank European…

Meta-analysis identified a novel genome-wide-significant locus for dental caries at rs4801882 in SIGLEC5 (P=1.71E-08); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with no formal maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

No formal maternal education showed a non-significant trend toward higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.36; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Socioeconomic status category vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

High SES showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.31; 5 studies; not GRADE-rated).

2 findings from 1 review

Good brushing habits (>=2 daily tooth brushing) vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Good brushing habits (>=2 daily) were associated with 35% lower odds of dental caries (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with secondary/higher maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Secondary/higher maternal education showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.44; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with primary maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Primary maternal education was associated with 25% higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.54; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Socioeconomic status category vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with middle SES) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Middle SES showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.10; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver help with child tooth brushing vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Caregiver help with tooth brushing was associated with 65% lower odds of dental caries (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.93; 3 studies; very high heterogeneity; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Sugary drinks/sweets consumption vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with sugary drinks/sweets consumption) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Sugary drinks/sweets consumption was associated with about twice the odds of dental caries in LMIC children (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.60; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CT/CC genotype vs TT genotype (dominant model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries for mixed dentition caries under the dominant (CT/CC vs TT) model (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.33); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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