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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

103 questions · 105 findings · 36 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 24 · 22.9%GRADE not reported 6 · 5.7%Very low 36 · 34.3%Low 23 · 21.9%Moderate 12 · 11.4%High 4 · 3.8%

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Neonatal death (death within the first 28 days of life) · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Maternal death · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether (Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron changes maternal death (death while pregnant or within 42 days of… compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Perinatal mortality (stillbirth ‐ death of fetus prior to birth; neonatal death ‐ death within the first 28 days of birth; or infant death ‐ death after the first 28 days) · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby
1 finding from 1 review

Viral influenza vaccine vs control

Infant death (up to 175 days) · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.

Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in infant death (up to 175 days) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Viral influenza vaccine vs control

Neonatal hospitalisation due to sepsis within 28 days of birth · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.

Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in neonatal hospitalisation due to sepsis within 28 days of birth compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Neonatal mortality · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Maternal death · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… led to lower maternal death (death while pregnant or within 42 days of… compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Early onset GBS disease (sepsis and/or meningitis within the first seven days of life)) · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes early onset GBS disease (sepsis and/or meningitis within the first… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

GBS pneumonia within the first seven days of life · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes GBS pneumonia within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review