Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

502 questions · 511 findings · 20 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 76 · 14.9%GRADE not reported 169 · 33.1%Very low 107 · 20.9%Low 92 · 18%Moderate 46 · 9%High 21 · 4.1%

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation alone

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus… showed no clear difference in number of women requiring rescue medication compared with lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs IM morphine

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus… may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with intramuscular morphine alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs placebo

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of intraperitoneal lidocaine instillation and… may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combination NRT & bupropion versus placebo Smoking cessation · people who have quit smoking using a cessation intervention

The intervention showed no clear difference in combination NRT & bupropion versus placebo Smoking cessation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient mail and telephone reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher combination of patient mail and telephone reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient reminder or recall with outreach intervention · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher combination of patient reminder or recall with outreach intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient reminder or recall with provider reminder intervention · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher combination of patient reminder or recall with provider reminder… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Knowledge or understanding (Different measures used by the studies: knowledge of vaccine‐preventable diseases, vaccines, contraindications to vaccination, or a combination, on varying scales) Final time point (3 or 6 months post‐intervention) · parents of preschool‐aged children or expectant parents
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Attitudes or beliefs (Different measures used by the studies: perceived severity of vaccine‐preventable diseases, perceived necessity of vaccines, or a combination, on varying scales) Final time point (3 or 6 months post‐intervention) · parents of preschool‐aged children or expectant parents
1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo

Beta‐blocker/thiazide combination (any dose) Mean duration of 10 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes
2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 282 RCTs Total participants: 50,812 Number of treatments: 65 Geometry of the network** · adults undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia Interventions: antiemetic drugs (monoprophylaxis and combination…
1 finding from 1 review