Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

441 questions · 461 findings · 48 reviews

No studies found 76 · 16.5%GRADE not reported 94 · 20.4%Very low 82 · 17.8%Low 119 · 25.8%Moderate 73 · 15.8%High 17 · 3.7%

Oral calcium vs no treatment

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral calcium vs vitamin C

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with oral vitamin C (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) led to higher radiological failure compared with ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) led to higher clinical failure compared with ZOE + calcium hydroxide + iodoform (MPRCF, unnamed product); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) vs Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Vitapex (calcium hydroxide/iodoform) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D

Adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes adverse events (number) Definition: asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and… compared with vitamin D (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D

Healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase and bone radiograph

Vitamin D plus calcium may leads to higher healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase… compared with vitamin D (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at… compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review