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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Probiotics vs placebo Weight (z score) · children and adults with CF Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 91 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs placebo Lung function (FEV1 % predicted) · children and adults with CF Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 284 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs placebo Hospitalisations (all causes) · children and adults with CF Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 115 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs placebo HRQoL (PedsQLTM 4.0 SF 15 (Scale from: 0 to 100)) · children and adults with CF Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Low |
Intervention vs usual care Change in quality of life · postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs usual care Change in pain (mm) · postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs usual care Change in trunk deformity (cm) · postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs usual care Change in FEV1 (L) · postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs usual care Change in FVC (L) · postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention vs usual care Change in ERV (L) · postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention vs usual care Change in TLC (L) · postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis Physical therapies for postural abnormalities in people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Number of minor postoperative bleeding episodes · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Outcome NR · People with Von Willebrand disease undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials in people with Von Willebrand disease met the inclusion criteria; no eligible VWD trials were identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Major bleeding, requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | Only reported in the Walsh (EACA) trial: in none of the 31 included participants was blood transfusion required. | 1 study · 31 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Change in haemoglobin level from baseline · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | Mean fall in haemoglobin. Forbes (TXA): 1.4 g/100 mL (placebo) vs 0.3 g/100 mL (TXA). Walsh (EACA): 6.3% (placebo, both centres) vs 3.9% and 3.7% (EACA, centres 1 and 2); differences not significant. Reported in… | 2 studies · 59 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Bleeding duration · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Need for and dose of clotting factor concentrates · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | Reported in both trials in different ways. Forbes (TXA): mean units of replacement therapy per root extracted 617 IU (range 0 to 15,800) in 11 placebo participants versus 30 IU and 65 IU per root in 2 TXA participants… | 2 studies · 59 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Any postoperative complication except bleeding (such as wound infection) · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | This outcome was not reported in either of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Number of postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions · Up to 10 days postoperative Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | RD -0.57 [-0.76, -0.37] | 2 studies · 59 participants | Moderate |
Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) Amount of postoperative blood loss (mL) · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… (2019) · Cochrane | Only reported in the Forbes (TXA) trial: over five-day follow-up, mean blood loss per participant 84.1 mL (range 4 to 323) in the placebo group (n=14) versus 61.2 mL (range 1 to 749) in the TXA group (n=14), P = 0.02. | 1 study · 28 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vs placebo Annual rate of change in % predicted FEV1 All participants · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 226 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vs placebo Annual rate of change in % predicted FEV1 Subgroup: under 13 years of age · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 147 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vs placebo Annual rate of change in % predicted FEV1 Subgroup: over 13 years of age · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 79 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vs placebo Annual rate of change in % predicted FVC All participants · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 226 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vs placebo Annual rate of change in % predicted FVC Subgroup: Under 13 years of age · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 147 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vs placebo Annual rate of change in % predicted FVC Subgroup: Over 13 years of age · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 79 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs vs placebo Proportion with at least 1 hospital admission · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.37, 1.01] | 4 studies · 286 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo Lung function: FEV1 % predicted (change from baseline) · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 250 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo Lung function: FVC % predicted (change from baseline) · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 250 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo BHR: change in PC20 values · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo Improvement in exercise tolerance · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo Respiratory exacerbations: number of days on intravenous antibiotics for respiratory exacerbations · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo Quality of life: change in well‐being score · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo Adverse effects · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 295 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Lung function Mean percentage change in FEV1 · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 289 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Lung function Mean percentage change in FVC (% predicted) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 70 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Nutritional status BMI · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 41 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Time to first exacerbation requiring intravenous antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 113 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Antibiotic resistance patterns following treatment · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Ototoxicity An increase in auditory threshold of 20 dB or more over any frequency range · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.04, 7.96] | 3 studies · 266 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Nephrotoxicity The percentage change in creatinine over baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 245 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV FEV1: change from baseline (% predicted) · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 155 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP Direct measures of mucus clearance · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP Exercise tolerance: modified shuttle test · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 68 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP Well being: QWB scale. CF Short Form ‐36 and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 75 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP LCI · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs oscillating PEP Adverse events · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs HFCWO FEV1: change from baseline (% predicted) · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 174 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs HFCWO Number of respiratory exacerbations · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.95] | 1 study · 107 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs HFCWO Direct measures of mucus clearance · adults and children with CF Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |