Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,539 questions · 2,602 findings · 424 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 572 · 22%GRADE not reported 189 · 7.3%Very low 527 · 20.3%Low 685 · 26.3%Moderate 514 · 19.8%High 115 · 4.4%

Exercise vs no exercise

Adherence · rheumatoid arthritis of the hand

Exercise showed no clear difference in participant adherence ‐ long term (12 months and beyond) compared with no exercise (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs no exercise

Hand function ‐ long term (12 months and beyond) Overall hand function subscale of the Michigan Hand Questionnaire, 0 to 100 (higher scores mean better hand function) · rheumatoid arthritis of the hand
1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs no exercise

Pain ‐ long term (12 months and beyond) Pain subscale of Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (0 to 100 points, higher score means more pain) · rheumatoid arthritis of the hand
1 finding from 1 review

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs control

Acute stroke (within 30‐days after surgery: new focal neurologic deficit with signs and symptoms lasting longer than 24 hours) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery

Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists may leads to lower acute stroke (within 30‐days after surgery: new focal neurologic… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs placebo

Adverse effects: Death ‐ long termOccurrences of death · patients with schizophrenia

ORAL FLUPHENAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Death ‐ long termOccurrences of death compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral propranolol vs topical timolol

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse events 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin

It is very uncertain whether oral propranolol changes adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse… compared with topical timolol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral propranolol vs placebo

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious adverse events 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin

Oral propranolol showed no clear difference in adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious adverse… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Global state: 2. Clinically important change (no improvement) ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes global state: 2. Clinically important change (no improvement) ‐ long… compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement)… compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE showed no clear difference in satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents

Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (long term: more than 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (long term: more than… compared with gastrokinetic agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review