What do systematic reviews say?

Real‐time video counselling vs telephone counselling

It is very uncertain whether real‐time video counselling changes smoking cessation (strictest definition and longest compared with telephone counselling (very low certainty).

• Real‐time video counselling for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.15 [0.38, 12.04]
  608 participants
  Very low

Yoga vs no specific active intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Yoga vs an active intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Yoga for treating urinary incontinence in women 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Families and Schools Together (FAST) vs no intervention (or care

• Families and Schools Together (FAST) for improving outcomes for children and their families 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 6276 participants
  Moderate

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes major complications (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [0.78, 3.34]
  5 studies · 484 participants
  Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes all‐cause mortality (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0.03 [0, 0.06]
  6 studies · 544 participants
  Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes surgery‐related complications (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.54 [0.87, 2.72]
  4 studies · 364 participants
  Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes non‐surgery‐related complications (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.52, 1.93]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes renal failure (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [0.57, 3.36]
  4 studies · 410 participants
  Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

MVA85A vs placebo

MVA85A showed no clear difference in active tuberculosis: confirmed by culture or Xpert® MTB/RIF longest… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• MVA85A vaccine to enhance BCG for preventing tuberculosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.58, 1.62]
  2 studies · 3439 participants
  Moderate

Palliative care vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Palliative care vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Palliative care vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Palliative care vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Epidural vs opioid

Epidural showed no clear difference in side effects (maternal) ‐ long‐term backache compared with opioids (moderate certainty).

• Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.89, 1.12]
  2 studies · 814 participants
  Moderate

Cessation interventions with a partner support component vs cessation interventions without a partner support component

Cessation interventions with a partner support component showed no clear difference in long‐term smoking abstinence (6 to 9 months) compared with cessation interventions without a partner support component (low certainty).

• Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.83, 1.14]
  13 studies · 2818 participants
  Low

Cessation interventions with a partner support component vs cessation interventions without a partner support component

Cessation interventions with a partner support component showed no clear difference in long‐term smoking abstinence (12 months+) compared with cessation interventions without a partner support component (low certainty).

• Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.88, 1.22]
  7 studies · 2573 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher prolonged gestation > 42 weeks (moderate certainty).

• Omega‐3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [1.11, 2.33]
  6 studies · 5141 participants
  Moderate

Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found