What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Maintenance immunosuppression for adults undergoing liver transplantation: a network meta‐analysis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Maintenance immunosuppression for adults undergoing liver transplantation: a network meta‐analysis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Maintenance immunosuppression for adults undergoing liver transplantation: a network meta‐analysis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations showed no clear difference in courses of oral steroids compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.38 [0.55, 34.91]
  4 studies · 963 participants
  Low

Umeclidinium bromide vs placebo

Umeclidinium bromide leads to lower number of participants with exacerbations requiring steroids,… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Umeclidinium bromide versus placebo for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.61 [0.46, 0.8]
  4 studies · 1922 participants
  High

Oat‐containing moisturisers vs vehicle or no moisturiser

• Emollients and moisturisers for eczema 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 222 participants
  Low

Moisturisers vs vehicle, placebo or no moisturiser

• Emollients and moisturisers for eczema 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 222 participants
  Low

Moisturisers vs no treatment (no moisturiser)

• Emollients and moisturisers for eczema 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 222 participants
  Low

Azathioprine + infliximab vs infliximab

Azathioprine + infliximab probably leads to higher clinical remission off steroids compared with infliximab (moderate certainty).

• Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [1.02, 1.47]
  2 studies · 383 participants
  Moderate

Azathioprine vs infliximab

Azathioprine probably leads to lower clinical remission off steroids compared with infliximab (moderate certainty).

• Azathioprine or 6‐mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.51, 0.9]
  1 study · 339 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Very low

Action plan vs usual care

• Action plans with brief patient education for exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 200 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month (low certainty).

• Home telemonitoring and remote feedback between clinic visits for asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.93 [0.6, 1.44]
  4 studies · 466 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids3 months (low certainty).

• Remote versus face‐to‐face check‐ups for asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.74 [0.41, 7.44]
  1 study · 278 participants
  Low

CBT vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for adults and adolescents with asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Maintenance LTRA vs placebo

Maintenance LTRA showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Leukotriene receptor antagonists as maintenance and intermittent therapy for episodic viral wheeze in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.2 [0.7, 2.06]
  1 study · 347 participants
  Moderate

Intermittent LTRA vs placebo

Intermittent LTRA showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Leukotriene receptor antagonists as maintenance and intermittent therapy for episodic viral wheeze in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.64, 1.14]
  2 studies · 343 participants
  Moderate

Intermittent ICS vs placebo

Intermittent ICS showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids ‐ School‐age children compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy versus placebo for persistent asthma in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.57 [0.29, 1.12]
  1 study · 145 participants
  Low

Intermittent ICS vs placebo

Intermittent ICS showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids ‐ adults compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy versus placebo for persistent asthma in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.1 [0.01, 1.95]
  1 study · 240 participants
  Low

Intermittent ICS vs placebo

Intermittent ICS probably leads to lower exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy versus placebo for persistent asthma in children and adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.48 [0.31, 0.73]
  4 studies · 490 participants
  Moderate