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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,745 questions · 4,389 findings · 203 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 39 · 0.9%GRADE not reported 3,844 · 87.6%Very low 198 · 4.5%Low 137 · 3.1%Moderate 134 · 3.1%High 37 · 0.8%

TT genotype vs TG+GG genotypes

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

TaqI/BglI(rs739837) recessive model: TT vs TG+GG was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.93); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of the permanent first molar vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

In the maxilla, spontaneous space closure occurred in about 85% of cases (9 studies; prevalence not GRADE-rated).

3 findings from 1 review

Milk-based probiotic vs placebo or control

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Children and/or adolescents (<18 years) without background systemic disease

In a subgroup analysis, milk-based probiotics reduced the bacterial plaque index more than other presentations (MD -0.10, 95%CI -0.20 to -0.00; p-interaction=0.01); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

G allele vs A allele

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

BsmI(rs1544410) allele distribution (G vs A) was not significantly associated with caries (OR 1.56; high heterogeneity); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

ACP light-cure adhesive vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control

Enamel demineralization (DIAGNOdent score) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)

A single triple-blinded RCT found the ACP-containing adhesive reduced enamel demineralization versus a conventional adhesive over 6 months (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Slum / urban-disadvantaged setting vs Non-slum urban / general-urban / national population

Dental service utilisation within the past year · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs

Past-year dental service use varies widely (4%-72%); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Fluoride varnish

Caries arrestment at the surface level · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)

Pooling two highly heterogeneous trials, SDF showed no significant difference versus 5% sodium fluoride varnish in surface-level caries arrestment (OR 1.46; ungraded subgroup).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibacterial S. mutans reduction only in Farzanegan (chitosan+TiO2); Mollabashi (TiO2-only) showed no significant antibacterial effect - not attributable to TiO2 alone vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control

Streptococcus mutans count · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)

The antibacterial (S. mutans) effect of TiO2 nanoparticles was conflicting across two RCTs (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement vs Resin adhesive

First-time bracket failure · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed no difference in first-time bracket failure, with certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar vs Extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

Spontaneous space closure is much more likely in the maxilla than the mandible (OR 7.77; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral cancer patients (cases) vs Healthy controls

Probing pocket depth · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)

Periodontal pocket depth did not differ significantly between oral cancer patients and controls (SMD 1.64, 95% CI -0.20 to 3.47; very high heterogeneity); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

CC genotype vs CA+AA genotypes

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

ApaI(rs7975232) recessive model: CC vs CA+AA was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.87); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Slum / urban-disadvantaged setting vs Non-slum urban setting

Determinants of oral diseases · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs

Older age, lower education and income, poor oral hygiene, and disadvantaged residential setting were associated with oral diseases; directions varied across studies.

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding <24 months vs Breastfeeding for ≥24 months

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)

After excluding Peres et al. (2017), breastfeeding for less than 24 months was associated with fewer caries (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.62; I²=6%).

2 findings from 1 review

Fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances (exposure) vs None (single-group prevalence/incidence estimate)

Incidence of new ICLs (proportion of tooth surfaces developing new lesions) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed (multibracket) appliances, followed for development of new ICLs

About 15% of tooth surfaces developed new ICLs during fixed orthodontic treatment (pooled 0.15, 95% CI 0.08-0.26; very low certainty; extreme heterogeneity).

1 finding from 1 review