Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,092 questions · 3,199 findings · 339 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 714 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 181 · 5.7%Very low 695 · 21.7%Low 908 · 28.4%Moderate 568 · 17.8%High 133 · 4.2%

Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo (outcomes

Perineal trauma · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 24‐30 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy.

It is very uncertain whether oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies changes perineal trauma compared with placebo ‐ maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo (outcomes

Induction of labour · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 24‐30 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy.

It is very uncertain whether oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies changes induction of labour compared with placebo ‐ maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo (outcomes

Large‐for‐gestational age · Infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes

It is very uncertain whether oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies changes large‐for‐gestational age compared with placebo ‐ neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral calcium vs no treatment

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

Definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period · preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin showed no clear difference in definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

Definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period ‐ IgA/IgG · preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period ‐ IgA/IgG compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

Definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period ‐ IgG · preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin showed no clear difference in definite necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during study period ‐ IgG compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

Definite NEC after study period · preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes definite NEC after study period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

NEC‐related surgery during study period · preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes NEC‐related surgery during study period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin vs control

NEC‐related deaths during study period · preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for oral immunoglobulin changes NEC‐related deaths during study period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic

Adverse effects [2 weeks to 6 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic showed no clear difference in adverse effects [2 weeks to 6 months] compared with control plus antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic

Hearing loss · Children with otitis media with effusion

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic showed no clear difference in hearing loss [2 months]1 compared with control plus antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic

OME resolution at short‐term · Children with otitis media with effusion

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic leads to higher OME resolution at short‐term compared with control plus antibiotic (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review