Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,545 questions · 2,661 findings · 317 reviews

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No studies found 608 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 505 · 19%Very low 695 · 26.1%Low 540 · 20.3%Moderate 249 · 9.4%High 64 · 2.4%

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs no intervention

Anxiety (state) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 82 participants
Very low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs no intervention

Anxiety (trait) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 82 participants
Very low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Composite Primary Symptom Reduction Score (CPSR) Scale from: ‐100 to 100 Higher score = better · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Clinical response · people with irritable bowel syndrome

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) changes clinical response compared with attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.72, 1.69]
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

QoL · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

SAEs · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Abdominal pain · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Depression · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Anxiety (state) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Anxiety (trait) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with chronic LBP

3 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 228 participants
Low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1016 participants
High
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1000 participants
High

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Functional ability · patients with chronic LBP

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 156 participants
Low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 994 participants
High

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1078 participants
High

ACT subsidies combined with supportive interventions vs no subsidies

ACT availability (percentage of outlets stocking at least one ACT for patients of any age) · Patients seeking treatment for suspected uncomplicated malaria

1 finding from 1 review

Subsidising artemisinin‐based combination therapy in the private retail sector 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Functional status at 3 to 6 months Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 225 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Recovery at 3 to 6 months · Patients with acute low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention changes recovery at 3 to 6 months compared with the intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.51, 1.1]
2 studies · 195 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Edaravone plus corticosteroids vs corticosteroids

Change in neurocognitive function · people previously treated with radiosurgery or fractionated radiotherapy to the brain or head and neck region with a diagnosis of brain…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of brain radionecrosis after radiotherapy or radiosurgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Edaravone plus corticosteroids vs corticosteroids

Severe adverse events · people previously treated with radiosurgery or fractionated radiotherapy to the brain or head and neck region with a diagnosis of brain…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of brain radionecrosis after radiotherapy or radiosurgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 137 participants
Low