Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

660 questions · 679 findings · 99 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 17 · 2.5%Very low 199 · 29.3%Low 189 · 27.8%Moderate 97 · 14.3%High 17 · 2.5%

Foam sclerotherapy vs foam sclerotherapy

Number of thromboembolic complications · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes complications ‐ thromboembolic compared with foam sclerotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up

Treatment success (> 25% improvement in pain or function) · lateral elbow pain

It is very uncertain whether autologous blood or PRP changes treatment success (> 25% improvement in pain or function) compared with placebo at 3 months' follow‐up (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Leg pain ‒short‐term · lumbosacral radicular pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in leg pain ‒short‐term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disability ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Disability reported using multiple scales (RMDQ and ODI). Disability scores were converted to a common 0 to 100 scale. Higher scores indicate greater disability. · lumbosacral radicular pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in disability ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Disability… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review