It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes preterm birth < 34 completed weeks of pregnancy compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) in combination with other treatments for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in singleton… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.44, 1.4]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

Adverse events due to periodontal therapy · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes adverse events due to periodontal therapy compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
Peto OR 0.14 [0.00, 6.90]
1 study · 165 participants
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

Cardiovascular events · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all cardiovascular events compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
Peto OR 7.77 [1.07, 56.1]
1 study · 165 participants
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

All CVD-related death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all CVD-related death compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
Peto OR 7.48 [0.15, 376.98]
1 study · 165 participants
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

All‐cause death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all-cause death compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
Peto OR 7.48 [0.15, 376.98]
1 study · 165 participants
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

CRP (mg/dL) at end of study · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
beta coefficient -0.002 [-0.19, 0.20]
1 study
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

Fibrinogen · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
beta coefficient 10.9 [-12.0, 33.8]
1 study
Very low

Implant surface smoothening added to systemic antibiotics + resective surgery + local antibiotics vs No implant surface smoothening (same surgical protocol)

Implant failure · People with at least one dental implant affected by perimplantitis

Implant surface smoothening added to systemic antibiotics +… showed no clear difference in implant failure compared with no implant surface smoothening (same surgical protocol); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 years
RR 0.3 [0.01, 6.47]
1 study · 17 participants
GRADE not reported

Implant surface smoothening added to systemic antibiotics + resective surgery + local antibiotics vs No implant surface smoothening (same surgical protocol)

Complications and side effects · People with at least one dental implant affected by perimplantitis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 years
No complications occurred in any of the groups.
1 study · 17 participants
GRADE not reported

CCPT vs extrapulmonary mechanical percussion

Time to first exacerbation requiring intravenous antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional chest physiotherapy compared to other airway clearance techniques for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 151 participants
Very low

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) (28 days) vs TNS (56 days)

Adverse effects of antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Cycled inhaled tobramycin vs culture‐based TNS

Adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Cycled inhaled tobramycin (TNS) probably leads to lower adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with culture‐based TNS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85
1 study · 304 participants
Moderate

Ciprofloxacin vs placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS) therapy

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS)… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.54 [0.93, 2.57]
1 study · 304 participants
Moderate

Oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin vs inhaled tobramycin

Adverse effects of antibiotics: severe cough · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

It is very uncertain whether oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin changes adverse effects of antibiotics: severe cough compared with inhaled tobramycin (TNS) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.24]
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin vs inhaled tobramycin (TNS) plus oral ciprofloxacin

Adverse effects of antibiotics: leading to trial discontinuation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 223 participants
Moderate

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) plus oral azithromycin vs TNS plus oral placebo

Number experiencing adverse effects · children with cystic fibrosis and a new culture positive for P aeruginosa

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) plus oral azithromycin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of antibiotics: number of participants experiencing… compared with TNS plus oral placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.14]
1 study · 221 participants
Moderate

Oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin vs no treatment

Adverse effects of antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 26 participants
Very low