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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs control intervention Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion ‐ Group‐based intervention As assessed by the ASI, TLFB or CIDI. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 464 participants | Very low |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs control intervention Treatment completers ‐ Individual‐based intervention · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs control intervention Treatment completers ‐ Group‐based intervention · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.88, 1.45] | 2 studies · 381 participants | Low |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs active psychological intervention PTSD severity following treatment completion As assessed by the CAPS. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 128 participants | Very low |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs active psychological intervention Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion As assessed by the SUI or ASI. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 128 participants | Low |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs active psychological intervention Treatment completers · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.68, 1.2] | 2 studies · 128 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion As assessed by the TLFB or CIDI. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 388 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Treatment completers · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.69, 0.93] | 3 studies · 316 participants | Low |
Trauma‐focused psychological intervention vs active psychological intervention PTSD severity following treatment completion As assessed by the CAPS. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Trauma‐focused psychological intervention vs active psychological intervention Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion As assessed by the TLFB. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Trauma‐focused psychological intervention vs active psychological intervention Treatment completers · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.74, 1.36] | 1 study · 62 participants | Low |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs control intervention PTSD severity following treatment completion ‐ Individual‐based intervention As assessed by the CAPS. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Low |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs control intervention PTSD severity following treatment completion ‐ Group‐based intervention As assessed by the CAPS or IES‐R. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 513 participants | Low |
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or PTSD only vs control intervention Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion ‐ Individual‐based intervention · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment Short‐term remission ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.78 [0.54, 14.29] | 2 studies · 357 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy Short‐term improvement as measured on a continuous scale ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 152 participants | Low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy Short‐term remission ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.27, 3.45] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy Short‐term response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.28, 4] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy Short‐term dropouts ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.92 [0.56, 6.67] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy Long‐term remission/response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.25 [0.37, 4.17] | 1 study · 54 participants | Low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs psychodynamic psychotherapy Short‐term improvement as measured on a continuous scale ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Short‐term remission ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 40 studies · 2491 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Short‐term response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 37 studies · 2240 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Short‐term dropouts ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 47 studies · 2535 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Long‐term remission/response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 464 participants | Low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment Short‐term response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 7.14 [1.25, 50] | 2 studies · 357 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Short‐term improvement as measured on a continuous scale ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 57 studies · 2318 participants | Low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment Short‐term dropouts ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 6.25 [0.26, 100] | 4 studies · 278 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment Long‐term remission/response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs no treatment Short‐term improvement as measured on a continuous scale ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy Short‐term remission ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.25, 1.82] | 3 studies · 176 participants | Low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy Short‐term response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [0.4, 3.26] | 3 studies · 176 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy Short‐term dropouts ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.28, 1.43] | 3 studies · 176 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy vs supportive psychotherapy Long‐term remission/response ( · adult patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta‐analysis (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.09 [0.73, 5.98] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Outcomes and length of · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Mean improvement in symptom scores Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45) or Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 3696 participants | Low |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Health‐related quality of life Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‐36) · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 583 participants | Moderate |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Adverse events PHQ‐9 questionnaire8 · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 642 participants | Moderate |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Social functioning · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 262 participants | Low |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Costs · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Changes in the management of CMHDs Changes in drug therapy and referrals for specialist care · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1215 participants | Moderate |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment Changes in the management of CMHDs Number of treatment sessions received · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2608 participants | Low |
Treatment informed by feedback of patient reported outcome measures vs treatment CI: Confidence interval · People with common mental health disorders1 Routine use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for improving treatment of common mental health… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All psychological therapies vs SSRI Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.62, 1.17] | 6 studies · 334 participants | Very low |
All psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (1 to 70) Panic Disorder Severity Scale (0 to 28) Brief Scale for Anxiety (0 to 60) · adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 414 participants | Moderate |
All psychological therapies vs other antidepressants Short‐term remission · adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.48, 1.67] | 3 studies · 135 participants | Very low |
All psychological therapies vs other antidepressants Short‐term response · adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.67, 1.37] | 3 studies · 128 participants | Low |
All psychological therapies vs other antidepressants Dropouts for any reason · adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [0.91, 2.65] | 3 studies · 180 participants | Low |
All psychological therapies vs other antidepressants Long‐term remission/response · adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
All psychological therapies vs other antidepressants Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): Panic Disorder Severity Scale (0 to 28) Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised Global Severity · adults with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 27 participants | Moderate |