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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

1,463 questions in 125 reviews · Anaesthesia

current versions

No studies 197 · 13.5%Ungraded 203 · 13.9%Very low 307 · 21%Low 441 · 30.1%Moderate 245 · 16.7%High 70 · 4.8%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Protocol to increase global blood flow vs control Mortality (Longest · Surgical patients Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery (2012) · Cochrane	RR 0.89 [0.76, 1.05]	31 studies · 5292 participants	Low
Protocol to increase global blood flow vs control Mortality (Hospital or 28‐day) · Surgical patients Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery (2012) · Cochrane	RR 0.81 [0.65, 1]	31 studies · 5292 participants	Low
Protocol to increase global blood flow vs control Number of patients with complications · Surgical patients Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery (2012) · Cochrane	RR 0.68 [0.58, 0.8]	17 studies · 1841 participants	Low
Protocol to increase global blood flow vs control Length of hospital stay · Surgical patients Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	27 studies · 4729 participants	Low
Intervention NR Primary outcome: Mortality · Adults (over 18 years) with requirement for an ERCP procedure with diagnostic intent Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 510 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Primary Outcome: Hypoxaemia · Adults (over 18 years) with requirement for an ERCP procedure with diagnostic intent Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 510 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Primary Outcome: Hypotension · Adults (over 18 years) with requirement for an ERCP procedure with diagnostic intent Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 510 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Primary outcome: Failure to complete procedure (due to sedation‐related problems) · Adults (over 18 years) with requirement for an ERCP procedure with diagnostic intent Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 360 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Secondary outcome: Recovery · Adults (over 18 years) with requirement for an ERCP procedure with diagnostic intent Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2012) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 359 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Per cent of patients who underwent successful reduction · acute anterior shoulder dislocation in adults Intra‐articular lignocaine versus intravenous analgesia with or without sedation for manual reduction of… (2011) · Cochrane	RR 0.95 [0.83, 1.1]	5 studies · 211 participants	Low
Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine Pain at injection site VAS. Scale from 0 to 10. · Patients requiring local anaesthesia Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (2010) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 685 participants	Moderate
Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine Preference · Patients requiring local anaesthesia Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (2010) · Cochrane	OR 3.01 [1.19, 4.15]	8 studies · 346 participants	High
Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine Adverse events · Patients requiring local anaesthesia Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (2010) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 182 participants	High