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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Hospital‐only intervention vs intervention that continues after hospital discharge Pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [1.09, 1.38] | 7 studies · 5610 participants | High |
Telephone quitline referral vs no treatment or usual care Quitline referral vs control · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.7, 1.96] | 2 studies · 1870 participants | Very low |
Telephone quitline referral vs no treatment or usual care Health system telephone counselling vs quitline · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [1, 1.51] | 3 studies · 3260 participants | Very low |
Smoking cessation counselling vs no smoking cessation counselling, grouped by intensity of intervention Quit at longest · individuals who smoke cigarettes and are admitted to a hospital for medical or surgical care Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.02, 1.58] | 12 studies · 4432 participants | Moderate |
Smoking cessation counselling vs no smoking cessation counselling, grouped by intensity of intervention Quit at longest · individuals who smoke cigarettes and are admitted to a hospital for medical or surgical care Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.9, 1.2] | 7 studies · 4627 participants | Very low |
Smoking cessation counselling vs no smoking cessation counselling, grouped by intensity of intervention Quit at longest · individuals who smoke cigarettes and are admitted to a hospital for medical or surgical care Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [1.24, 1.49] | 28 studies · 8234 participants | High |
Pharmacotherapy plus counselling vs no pharmacotherapy or placebo plus counselling Quit at longest · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [1.05, 1.67] | 8 studies · 3838 participants | High |
Pharmacotherapy plus counselling vs no pharmacotherapy or placebo plus counselling Quit at longest · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.86, 1.43] | 4 studies · 872 participants | Low |
Pharmacotherapy plus counselling vs no pharmacotherapy or placebo plus counselling Quit at longest · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.96, 1.75] | 4 studies · 829 participants | Moderate |
Hospital‐only intervention vs intervention that continues after hospital discharge Behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.83, 1.14] | 2 studies · 1598 participants | Very low |
Hospital‐only intervention vs intervention that continues after hospital discharge Behavioural support ‐ synchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.95, 1.6] | 8 studies · 2299 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ oral azithromycin vs placebo FEV1 % predicted: mean change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 549 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin Adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin Hospitalisations · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin New acquisition of CF pathogens: PA · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin Need for additional antibiotics · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin QoL · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin FEV1 % predicted: mean change from baseline · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin Pulmonary exacerbations: time to next exacerbation · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin Adverse events: number of treatment‐related adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin Hospitalisations · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin New acquisition of CF pathogens: PA (mean change in PA count (log10 PA CFU/g sputum)) · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ oral azithromycin vs placebo Pulmonary exacerbations: time to next exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 796 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin Need for additional antibiotics · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ nebulised azithromycin vs oral azithromycin QoL: change in PEDsQL‐4 scale · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin FEV1 % predicted: mean change % predicted · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 208 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin Pulmonary exacerbations: number of days to first exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 208 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin Adverse events: number of treatment‐related adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 208 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin Hospitalisations: mean number of hospital admissions · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 208 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin New acquisition of CF pathogens: PA · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin Need for additional antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ weekly azithromycin vs daily azithromycin QoL: change in CFQ score · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 208 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ oral azithromycin vs placebo Adverse events: number of mild treatment‐related adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 748 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ oral azithromycin vs placebo Hospitalisations: admissions to hospital · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 445 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ oral azithromycin vs placebo New acquisition of CF pathogens: PA · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 282 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ oral azithromycin vs placebo Need for additional antibiotics: participants needing extra IV antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 527 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ oral azithromycin vs placebo QoL: mean change in quality of life · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 177 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin FEV1 % predicted: · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose azithromycin vs low‐dose azithromycin Pulmonary exacerbations: rate of exacerbations per child per month · children with cystic fibrosis Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
EU class 3 compression hosiery vs no compression Reulceration · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.27, 0.76] | 1 study · 153 participants | Low |
EU class 1 compression hosiery vs EU class 2 compression hosiery Proportion of · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2014 participants | Ungraded |
EU class 1 compression hosiery vs EU class 2 compression hosiery Ulceration on the contralateral leg · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2014 participants | Ungraded |
EU class 1 compression hosiery vs EU class 2 compression hosiery Noncompliance · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.4, 3.75] | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
EU class 1 compression hosiery vs EU class 2 compression hosiery Comfort · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2014 participants | Ungraded |
EU class 1 compression hosiery vs EU class 2 compression hosiery Adverse effects · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2014 participants | Ungraded |
UK class 2 compression hosiery vs UK class 3 compression hosiery Reulceration · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [1.26, 1.91] | 5 studies · 1314 participants | Low |
UK class 2 compression hosiery vs UK class 3 compression hosiery Duration of reulceration episodes · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
UK class 2 compression hosiery vs UK class 3 compression hosiery Proportion of · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
UK class 2 compression hosiery vs UK class 3 compression hosiery Ulceration on the contralateral leg · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
UK class 2 compression hosiery vs UK class 3 compression hosiery Noncompliance · people with healed venous leg ulcers Compression for preventing recurrence of venous ulcers (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.49, 0.99] | 5 studies · 1372 participants | Low |