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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
274 questions in 25 reviews · Movement Disorders
current versionsNo studies 13 · 4.7%Ungraded 7 · 2.6%Very low 66 · 24.1%Low 66 · 24.1%Moderate 87 · 31.8%High 35 · 12.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Opioids vs placebo RLS symptoms · RLS Opioids for restless legs syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 276 participants | Low |
Opioids vs placebo Drug responders · RLS Opioids for restless legs syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [1.37, 2.42] | 1 study · 276 participants | Low |
Opioids vs placebo Drug responders · RLS Opioids for restless legs syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.49, 2.48] | 1 study · 276 participants | Low |
Opioids vs placebo Remitters · RLS Opioids for restless legs syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.14 [1.45, 3.16] | 1 study · 276 participants | Low |
Opioids vs placebo Adverse Events · RLS Opioids for restless legs syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [1.07, 1.39] | 1 study · 304 participants | Low |
Opioids vs placebo Quality of life · RLS Opioids for restless legs syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 276 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Functional abilities Change in TRS part B score (motor tasks).36 points (0 is better) Change in TRS part C score (functional disability), 32 points (0 is better) · patients with essential tremor Pregabalin for essential tremor (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Study withdrawal Number of patients withdrawn from the study · patients with essential tremor Pregabalin for essential tremor (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events Number of adverse events · patients with essential tremor Pregabalin for essential tremor (2016) · Cochrane | RD 0.18 | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Virtual reality vs active intervention (short term) Gait ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 129 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs passive intervention (short term) Quality of life ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Virtual reality vs passive intervention (short term) Adverse events · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Virtual reality vs active intervention (short term) Gait ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs active intervention (short term) Gait ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs active intervention (short term) Balance ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 155 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs active intervention (short term) Balance ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 86 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs active intervention (short term) Quality of life ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 106 participants | Very low |
Virtual reality vs active intervention (short term) Number of adverse events · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 115 participants | Low |
Virtual reality vs passive intervention (short term) Gait (stride length and velocity) · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Virtual reality vs passive intervention (short term) Balance ( · rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 44 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Impairment/ disability Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS; change in global UPDRS score). Scale from: 0 to 199 (lower score means less impairment/disability) · Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 45 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Off time Self assessment (logfile) Scale from: 0 to 72 (lower score means less impairment/disability) · Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS On time with dyskinesia Self assessment (logfile) Scale from: 0 to 72 (lower score means less impairment/disability) · Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Gait speed at the end of the intervention phase Measures of timed gait. Scale from: 0 (lower score means less impairment/disability) · Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 41 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Health‐related quality of life ‐ physical health SF‐ 12v2. Scale from: 0 to 100 (scores less than 50 indicate health above the mean and scores less than 50 indicate health below the mean) · Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Health‐related quality of life ‐ mental health SF‐12v2. Scale from: 0 to 100 (scores less than 50 indicate health above the mean and scores less than 50 indicate health below the mean) · Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vs sham tDCS Safety/ acceptability Dropouts and adverse events (lower rate means better safety/acceptability) · Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 101 participants | Very low |
Treadmill training vs no treadmill training or active control intervention or gait training Gait speed at the end of the study ‐ Active control group (co‐interventions were similar in both groups) Measures of timed gait. Scale from: 0 to inf. · patients with patients with Parkinson's disease Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 434 participants | Moderate |
Treadmill training vs no treadmill training or active control intervention or gait training Gait speed at the end of the study ‐ No interventioncontrol group (co‐interventions were not similar in both groups) Measures of timed gait. Scale from: 0 to inf. · patients with patients with Parkinson's disease Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 76 participants | Very low |
Treadmill training vs no treadmill training or active control intervention or gait training walking distance in m (at the end of study; all studies) ‐ Active control group (co‐interventions were similar in both groups) Measures of timed gait. Scale from: 0 to inf. · patients with patients with Parkinson's disease Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 385 participants | Low |
Treadmill training vs no treadmill training or active control intervention or gait training walking distance in m (at the end of study; all studies) ‐ No intervention control group (co‐interventions were not similar in both groups) Measures of timed gait. Scale from: 0 to inf. · patients with patients with Parkinson's disease Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Ungraded |
Treadmill training vs no treadmill training or active control intervention or gait training acceptability and safety of treadmill training ‐ Active control group (co‐interventions were similar in both groups) Number of adverse events and drop‐outs · patients with patients with Parkinson's disease Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 531 participants | Moderate |
Treadmill training vs no treadmill training or active control intervention or gait training acceptability and safety of treadmill training ‐ No intervention control group (co‐interventions were not similar in both groups) Number of adverse events and drop‐outs · patients with patients with Parkinson's disease Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 102 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Tremor severityClinical rating scale. Scale from 0 to 4 · patients with essential tremor Alprazolam for essential tremor (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with essential tremor Alprazolam for essential tremor (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life Investigator global assessment Scale from 1 to 7 · patients with essential tremor Alprazolam for essential tremor (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Subjective impact of fatigue on ADL, fatigue severity (post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 340 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Nausea (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.6] | 1 study · 40 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR HRQOL (post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Subjective impact of physical fatigue on ADL (post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1176 participants | High |
Intervention NR Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.33, 0.99] | 1 study · 1176 participants | High |
Intervention NR Headache (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.5, 1.29] | 1 study · 1176 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Hypertension (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.27, 1.06] | 1 study · 1176 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Impulse control disorders (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3.07 [0.13, 75.26] | 1 study · 1176 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Nausea (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.49, 1.6] | 1 study · 1176 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Orthostatic hypotension (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.15, 2.56] | 1 study · 1176 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Subjective impact of fatigue on ADL, fatigue severity (post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.15, 1.43] | 1 study · 361 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Subjective fatigue severity (post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · people with Parkinson's disease Interventions for fatigue in Parkinson's disease (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.78] | 1 study · 61 participants | Moderate |