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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Review versions

274 questions in 25 reviews · Movement Disorders

current versions

No studies 13 · 4.7%Ungraded 7 · 2.6%Very low 66 · 24.1%Low 66 · 24.1%Moderate 87 · 31.8%High 35 · 12.8%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Summary of findings for exercise vs control Rate of Falls (falls per person‐year) · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.74 [0.63, 0.87]	12 studies · 1456 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo Quality of Life immediately after the intervention (EQ5D Thermometer, scale 0 to 100; and EQ5D Index Score, scale 0‐1, high score is better quality of life) · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 121 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo Rate of adverse events excluding falls (per person year) · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 1.6 [1.28, 2.01]	2 studies · 175 participants	Low
Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo Economic outcomes · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings for education vs control Rate of falls (falls per person‐year) · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings for education vs control Number of people who experienced one or more falls · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Risk ratio 10.89 [1.26, 94.03]	1 study · 53 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for education vs control Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings for education vs control Quality of life · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings for education vs control Adverse events · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings for education vs control Economic outcomes · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control Rate of Falls (falls per person‐year) · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.46 [0.12, 1.85]	2 studies · 320 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for exercise vs control Number of people who experienced one or more falls · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Risk ratio 0.9 [0.8, 1]	9 studies · 932 participants	Moderate
Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control Number of people who experienced one or more falls · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Risk Ratio 0.89 [0.75, 1.07]	3 studies · 352 participants	Low
Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Risk ratio 1.45 [0.4, 5.32]	2 studies · 320 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control Quality of life immediately after the intervention · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 305 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control Adverse events · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 343 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control Economic Outcomes · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 133 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for exercise vs control Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Risk ratio 0.57 [0.28, 1.17]	5 studies · 989 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for exercise vs control Quality of life immediately after the intervention · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 951 participants	Low
Summary of findings for exercise vs control Adverse events · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	8 studies · 1242 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for exercise vs control Economic outcomes · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 923 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo Rate of falls (falls per person‐year) · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.5 [0.44, 0.58]	3 studies · 229 participants	Low
Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo Number of people who experienced one or more falls · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 230 participants	Very low
Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · People with Parkinson's disease Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease (2022) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 23 participants	Very low
Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics Cervical dystonia‐specific improvement · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics Adverse events · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics Subjective evaluation of clinical status · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics Cervical dystonia‐specific pain · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics Health‐related quality of life · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics Tolerability assessed by dropouts due to adverse events · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.04]	NR	Very low
Botulinum toxin type A vs anticholinergics Duration of effect · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Cervical dystonia‐specific improvement · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Adverse events at 4 weeks; 1085 participants (8 RCTs) · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.23 [1.05, 1.43]	NR	Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Subjective participant assessment at 4 weeks; 755 participants(6 RCTs) · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.19 [1.78, 2.7]	NR	High
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Cervical dystonia‐specific pain · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Tolerability assessed as dropouts at 4 to 6 weeks: 705 participants (5 RCTs) · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.48 [0.32, 0.73]	NR	High
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Duration of effect 618 participants (5 RCTs) · cervical dystonia Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Very low
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Blepharospasm‐specific severity ( · adults with blepharospasm Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Adverse events (reported at any time) (2 RCT, 169 participants) · adults with blepharospasm Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [0.87, 1.6]	NR	Low
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Subjective participant evaluation ( · adults with blepharospasm Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	High
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Frequency of blepharospasm‐specific involuntary movements ( · adults with blepharospasm Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Low
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · adults with blepharospasm Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Tolerability (number of dropouts; reported at any time) (2 RCT, 169 participants) · adults with blepharospasm Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.44 [0.31, 6.79]	NR	Moderate
Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo Duration of effect (when effects started to wane) · adults with blepharospasm Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Low
GLP‐1 receptor agonists vs placebo PD motor impairment · adults with Parkinson's disease GLP‐1 receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 60 participants	Low
GLP‐1 receptor agonists vs placebo HRQoL · adults with Parkinson's disease GLP‐1 receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 60 participants	Low
GLP‐1 receptor agonists vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with Parkinson's disease GLP‐1 receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
GLP‐1 receptor agonists vs placebo Adverse events ‐ weight loss · adults with Parkinson's disease GLP‐1 receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.25 [0.89, 1.76]	1 study · 60 participants	Low
GLP‐1 receptor agonists vs no treatment PD motor impairment · adults with Parkinson's disease GLP‐1 receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 44 participants	Very low