Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention Progression of retinopathy by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention Combined incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention Incidence of PDR/CSME/VH by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention Visual acuity (loss of 3 lines or more) by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.63, 2.08] | 2 studies · 2326 participants | Very low |
Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention Adverse events—all‐cause mortality · type 1 or type 2 diabetics Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention Adverse events—hypotension · type 1 or type 2 diabetics Blood pressure control for diabetic retinopathy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [1.63, 2.55] | 2 studies · 3323 participants | Low |
Botulinum toxin vs surgery Improved or corrected strabismusa at 6 or 12 months · adults and children with strabismus Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.53, 0.99] | 4 studies · 242 participants | Low |
Botulinum toxin vs surgery Serious adverse events at 6 or 12 months · adults and children with strabismus Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Botulinum toxin vs surgery Proportion of participants requiring additional surgery(ies) at 6 or 12 months · adults and children with strabismus Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.05 [1.34, 6.91] | 1 study · 101 participants | Very low |
Botulinum toxin vs surgery Proportion of participants who achieved binocular single vision at 6 or 12 months · adults and children with strabismus Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.63, 1.23] | 2 studies · 102 participants | Low |
Botulinum toxin vs surgery Quality of life, as measured by validated instruments · adults and children with strabismus Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Botulinum toxin vs surgery Non‐serious adverse events at 6 or 12 months · adults and children with strabismus Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 212 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Aflibercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 641 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Conbercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Bevacizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 373 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab deferred laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 188 participants | High |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab prompt laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 746 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1296 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Aflibercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 487 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Bevacizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 185 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab prompt laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 170 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab deferred laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 139 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 559 participants | High |
Intervention NR Bevacizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 261 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Aflibercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 640 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Brolucizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 154 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Bevacizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 261 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab deferred laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 136 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab prompt laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 136 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 563 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Aflibercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 2644 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Bevacizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 305 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Brolucizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 368 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Conbercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Brolucizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 154 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Faricimab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1262 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 2065 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Aflibercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 2701 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Bevacizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 310 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Brolucizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 369 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Conbercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Faricimab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1262 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1501 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab deferred laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 139 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Ranibizumab prompt laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 287 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Laser · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 598 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Faricimab (PTI) · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 632 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Aflibercept · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1592 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Brolucizumab · people with diabetic macular oedema Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 368 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐VEGF vs no anti‐VEGF Proportion of participants with IOP ≤ 21 mmHg, with or without ocular hypotensive medications, 4 to 6 weeks · people with neovascular glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.1, 1.59] | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |