Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

111 questions · 117 findings · 15 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 20 · 17.1%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.9%Very low 31 · 26.5%Low 30 · 25.6%Moderate 21 · 17.9%High 14 · 12%

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation

Requirement of other courses of antibiotics · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in requirement of other courses of antibiotics compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Antibiotics prior to long‐term CVC insertion versus control: catheter‐related infections · adults and children diagnosed with an oncologic disease with a newly‐inserted long‐term CVC who were at risk of neutropenia due to…

The intervention showed no clear difference in antibiotics prior to long‐term CVC insertion versus control:… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic 1 vs antibiotic 2

Microbial resistance to prophylactic drugs: nitrofurantoin (1) versus cotrimoxazole (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI

Antibiotic 1 probably leads to lower microbial resistance to prophylactic drugs: nitrofurantoin (1)… compared with antibiotic 2 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Microbial resistance to prophylactic drug · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in microbial resistance to prophylactic drug compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation

Incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years

Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review