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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

132 questions · 140 findings · 25 reviews

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No studies found 32 · 22.9%GRADE not reported 24 · 17.1%Very low 39 · 27.9%Low 26 · 18.6%Moderate 16 · 11.4%High 3 · 2.1%

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Catheter removal or replacement · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Surgical site infection · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… changes surgical site infections compared with oral antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Anastomotic leakage · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in anastomotic leakage compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Postoperative ileus · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in incidence of postoperative ileus compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 3 to 7 · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids may leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 ‐ Co‐treatment with antibiotics · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids may leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin vs inhaled tobramycin

Adverse effects of antibiotics: severe cough · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

It is very uncertain whether oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin changes adverse effects of antibiotics: severe cough compared with inhaled tobramycin (TNS) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants cured. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants cured.… compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants with P aeruginosa eradication. Outcome assessed on day 21 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants with P… compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Microbiological response: eradicated. Outcome assessed on day 21 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes microbiological response: eradicated. Outcome assessed on day 21 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 1: route of antibiotic vs usual care

Neonatal mortality ‐ oral + injectable antibiotics · neonates with sepsis

Comparison 1: route of antibiotic showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality ‐ oral + injectable antibiotics compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids or antibiotics, or both · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids… compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review