Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Very high income (GNI >$25,000)
MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · High income (GNI $15,001-25,000)
MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Middle income (GNI <=$15,000)
MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Lacunar stroke · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis was associated with modestly higher odds of lacunar stroke (OR 1.24); ungraded MR, though the FDR-adjusted P was 0.064 for the primary IVW-FE method (ML-adjusted P 0.037).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.24 [1.03, 1.49]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Older adults in higher-HDI countries had better OHRQoL (high 79.9, 95% CI 74.4 to 85.5; very high 78.4, 95% CI 71.1 to 85.8) than those in medium-HDI countries (63.5, 95% CI 54.3 to 72.7); the difference by HDI was statistically significant (ungraded).
3 findings from 1 review
MEAN 79.9 [74.4, 85.5]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 63.5 [54.3, 72.7]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 78.4 [71.1, 85.8]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · European GWAS participants
The MVMR IVW interval included zero.
1 finding from 1 review
Lumbar spine and pelvis fracture · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on fracture of lumbar spine and pelvis (multivariable MR, OR 1.060).
2 findings from 1 review
Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval excluded the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.343 [1.015, 1.778]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
OHRQoL did not differ significantly across country-level unemployment-rate categories; no pooled estimate was reported in the text (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Forearm fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.992 [0.950, 1.036]
490889 participants
GRADE not reported
Femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on femoral neck BMD.
1 finding from 1 review
Femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted dental caries (DMFS) had no causal effect on femoral neck BMD.
1 finding from 1 review
Femur fracture · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on fracture of femur (multivariable MR, OR 1.034).
2 findings from 1 review
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · European GWAS participants
The SVMR IVW interval excluded zero.
1 finding from 1 review
Osteoporosis · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on osteoporosis (multivariable MR, OR 1.000).
2 findings from 1 review
Femur fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.024 [0.960, 1.093]
489106 participants
GRADE not reported
Lacunar stroke · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted dental caries showed no significant causal association with lacunar stroke (ungraded MR).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.92 [0.69, 1.23]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.012 [0.858, 1.193]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
Osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.002 [0.867, 1.158]
376746 participants
GRADE not reported
Bone mineral density in forearm · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on forearm BMD.
1 finding from 1 review
Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants
The SVMR Weighted Median interval excluded the null.
3 findings from 1 review
OR 1.260 [1.017, 1.560]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.162 [0.998, 1.353]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.329 [0.991, 1.782]
483725 participants
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
OHRQoL did not differ significantly across per-capita health-expenditure categories; no pooled estimate was reported in the text (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review