Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

234 questions · 259 findings · 25 reviews · Stroke

No studies found 88 · 34%GRADE not reported 2 · 0.8%Very low 79 · 30.5%Low 47 · 18.1%Moderate 37 · 14.3%High 6 · 2.3%

tDCS vs active control

Secondary outcome measure: lower extremity function at the end of · people with stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Citicoline vs standard methods versus placebo

Disability or dependence in daily activities Patients with moderate or lower degree of disability or dependence (according to < 3 scores in the modified Rankin scale) lower scores indicate better outcome · people with acute ischemic stroke

Citicoline showed no clear difference in disability or dependence in daily activities Patients with moderate… compared with placebo or standard treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel Index score 0 to 20; lower = 0; median 3‐month · adults with acute stroke

The intervention showed no clear difference in activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel Index score 0 to 20; lower… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Subjective Health Status score (Assessment of Quality of Life Score 0 to 1; lower = 0; end of scheduled · adults with acute stroke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes subjective Health Status score (Assessment of Quality of Life Score… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Improvement of swallowing function at the end of treatment · adults with stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Improvement of motor function at the end of treatment ‐ upper and lower extremities motor function (FMA) · adults with stroke
1 finding from 1 review