Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

67 questions · 69 findings · 24 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 2 · 2.9%GRADE not reported 3 · 4.3%Very low 11 · 15.9%Low 26 · 37.7%Moderate 19 · 27.5%High 8 · 11.6%

Ambulatory oxygen vs air

Dyspnea · people with ILD

1 finding from 1 review

Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Rehabilitation interventions vs usual care

Dyspnoea ‐ CRQ dyspnoea Scale 1 to 7. Higher is better and 0.5 units is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 1283 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (cough‐specific) Leicester Cough Questionnaire Scale from 0 to 133; higher score indicates better HRQoL. Contains 19 questions from 3 domains on a Likert scale · individuals with stable bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (health status) COPD Assessment Tool. Scale from 0 to 5; higher score indicates worse HRQoL Contains 10 questions with 5‐point Likert scale · individuals with stable bronchiectasis

The intervention showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life (health status) COPD Assessment Tool.… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life (dyspnoea) Measured on the CRQ, the output is a number from 0 to 7, where higher on the scale is better. MID is 0.5. · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment

The intervention probably leads to higher quality of life (dyspnoea) Measured on the CRQ, the output is a… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.28 [0.1, 0.45]
4 studies · 341 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Growth velocity over 12 months (cm/y) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma

The intervention leads to higher growth velocity over 12 months (cm/y) (higher is better) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose‐response effects on growth 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.2 [0.02, 0.39]
4 studies · 728 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Change in height over 3 months (cm) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in change in height over 3 months (cm) (higher is better) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose‐response effects on growth 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 944 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Change in height over 12 months (cm) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in change in height over 12 months (cm) (higher is better) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose‐response effects on growth 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.25
4 studies · 548 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Change in weight over 12 months (kg) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in change in weight over 12 months (kg) (higher is better) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose‐response effects on growth 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 408 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Change in BMI over 12 months (kg/m2) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in change in BMI over 12 months (kg/m2) (higher is better) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose‐response effects on growth 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 408 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Change in skeletal maturation over 12 months (years) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma

The intervention may leads to higher change in skeletal maturation over 12 months (years) (higher is… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: dose‐response effects on growth 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.18 [0.02, 0.34]
1 study · 181 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

SGRQ Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more limitations · 18 to 80 years of age with bronchiectasis

The intervention showed no clear difference in SGRQ Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for children and adults with bronchiectasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

Health‐related quality of life (Change in CRQ Dyspnoea) CRQ · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 73 participants
Moderate

SiT for maintenance/relief vs higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA

Outcomes · Studies recruited adults and adolescents aged 12 and older with chronic asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SiT for maintenance/relief vs higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA

Exacerbations needing hospitalisation · Studies recruited adults and adolescents aged 12 and older with chronic asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SiT for maintenance/relief vs higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids ‐ adults · Studies recruited adults and adolescents aged 12 and older with chronic asthma

SiT for maintenance/relief leads to lower patients with exacerbations requiring oral steroids compared with higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.75 [0.65, 0.87]
9096 participants
High

SiT for maintenance/relief vs higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA

Patients with serious adverse events · Studies recruited adults and adolescents aged 12 and older with chronic asthma

SiT for maintenance/relief showed no clear difference in patients with serious adverse events compared with higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.92 [0.74, 1.13]
9130 participants
Moderate

SiT for maintenance/relief vs higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA

Patients with severe exacerbations (requiring hospitalisation or ER visit) · Studies recruited adults and adolescents aged 12 and older with chronic asthma

SiT for maintenance/relief leads to lower patients with severe exacerbations (requiring hospitalisation or ER… compared with higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.72 [0.57, 0.9]
7768 participants
High

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS vs ICS dose increase

Number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring treatment with oral steroids · children with asthma

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS may leads to lower participants with one or more exacerbations requiring oral… compared with higher dose ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Risk Ratio 0.82
1 study · 182 participants
Low

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS vs ICS dose increase

Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · children with asthma

Anti‐leukotrienes & ICS may leads to higher participants with exacerbations requiring hospital admission compared with higher dose ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Risk Ratio 1
1 study · 182 participants
Low