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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

54 questions · 55 findings · 15 reviews · Gut

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No studies found 11 · 20%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 23 · 41.8%Low 11 · 20%Moderate 10 · 18.2%High 0 · 0%

Intervention diet vs control diet

Remission · Patients with active Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether intervention diet changes induction of remission at 4 weeks ‐ High‐fiber, low refined… compared with control diet (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Quality of life (QoL) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) (scale: 32 to 224; higher score = better QoL) · Patients with active Crohn's disease
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Self‐perceived QoL (change from baseline) measured using Peds QL 4.0 Generic Core Scales, scoring 0‐100 points, higher score indicates better quality of life) · children with chronic constipation
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Parent‐perceived QoL (change from baseline) measured using PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales, scoring 0‐100 points, higher score indicates better quality of life) · children with chronic constipation
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Open surgical drainage versus EUS‐guided drainage Scale from: 0 to 100. Higher indicates better · patients with pancreatic pseudocysts
1 finding from 1 review

Methotrexate vs placebo

Maintenance of clinical remission · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission

Methotrexate probably leads to higher proportion of patients maintaining clinical remission (high dose… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Recurrent and persistent bleeding overall rates with or without second‐look endoscopy Rebleeding (persistent or recurrent bleeding) · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to lower recurrent and persistent bleeding overall rates with or without… compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Surgery rate Number requiring emergency surgery · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to lower surgery rate Number requiring emergency surgery compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Mortality rate Number of deaths (30‐day mortality or in‐hospital mortality) · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to lower mortality rate Number of deaths (30‐day mortality or in‐hospital… compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review