Bradycardia · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to higher bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypotension · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers probably leads to higher hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Acute stroke (within 30‐days after surgery: new focal neurologic deficit with signs and symptoms lasting longer than 24 hours) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery
Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists may leads to lower acute stroke (within 30‐days after surgery: new focal neurologic… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiac mortality · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Myocardial infarction (within 30‐days after surgery: as detected on an electrocardiogram or trans‐oesophageal echocardiogram) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Acute stroke (within 30‐days after surgery: new focal neurologic deficit with signs and symptoms lasting longer than 24 hours) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery
Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (within 30‐days after surgery: any reported death) compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cardiac mortality · adults undergoing cardiac surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Myocardial infarction (within 30‐days after surgery: sudden death or death resulting from a primarily identifiable cardiac cause) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery
Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction (within 30‐days after surgery: sudden death or… compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery · patients with coronary heart disease and/or valvular heart disease
Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—cardiac surgery compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (30 days)—non‐cardiac surgery · patients with conditions requiring non‐cardiac surgery
Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (30 days)—non‐cardiac surgery compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery
Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
ICU length of stay (general intensive care patients) · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any method such as the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in the first week after operation) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations
The intervention probably leads to lower postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative length of stay (days) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM and in one study diagnostic tool was not reported) Time points were up to 4 days postoperatively
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings TIVA changes postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM… compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality at 30 days
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings TIVA changes mortality At 30 days compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay
1 finding from 1 review