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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Vortioxetine vs SNRIs Depressive Symptoms · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2807 participants | Very low |
Vortioxetine vs SNRIs Drop‐out due to adverse events · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.51, 1.08] | 8 studies · 3159 participants | Very low |
Vortioxetine vs SNRIs Drop‐out due to inefficacy · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.52 [0.7, 3.3] | 8 studies · 3159 participants | Very low |
Vortioxetine vs SNRIs Tolerability · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.86, 0.94] | 8 studies · 3134 participants | Low |
Vortioxetine vs Placebo Total number of drop‐outs · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.19] | 14 studies · 6220 participants | Moderate |
Vortioxetine vs Placebo Remission · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [1.15, 1.53] | 14 studies · 6217 participants | Low |
Vortioxetine vs Placebo Depressive Symptoms · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 5566 participants | Very low |
Vortioxetine vs Placebo Drop‐out due to adverse events · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.09, 1.81] | 14 studies · 6220 participants | Moderate |
Vortioxetine vs Placebo Drop‐out due to inefficacy · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.34, 0.9] | 14 studies · 6220 participants | Moderate |
Vortioxetine vs Placebo Tolerability · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [1.07, 1.16] | 14 studies · 6182 participants | Moderate |
Vortioxetine vs SNRIs Response · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.82, 1] | 8 studies · 3159 participants | Very low |
Vortioxetine vs SNRIs Total number of drop‐outs · adults with Major Depressive Disorder Vortioxetine for depression in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.73, 1.08] | 8 studies · 3159 participants | Very low |
Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Overall) ‐ effect on diagnosis of depression The assumed risk is based on control group rates of depression diagnosis at medium‐term · children and adolescents Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97] | NR | Moderate |
Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Targeted programmes) ‐ effect on diagnosis of depression The assumed risk is based on control group rates of depression diagnosis at medium‐term · children and adolescents Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.68, 0.99] | NR | Very low |
Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Universal programmes) ‐ effect on diagnosis of depression The assumed risk is based on control group rates of depression diagnosis at medium‐term · children and adolescents Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.66, 1.14] | NR | Moderate |
Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Overall) ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome) · children and adolescents Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 73 studies · 13829 participants | Low |
Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Targeted ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome)) · children and adolescents Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 42 studies · 4816 participants | Moderate |
Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Universal programmes) ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome) · children and adolescents Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 31 studies · 9013 participants | Moderate |
Topiramate vs placebo Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint (3 weeks) on symptom rating scales in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes. Lower scores indicate improvement · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 664 participants | Moderate |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs placebo Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint on symptom rating scales in the treatment of depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs placebo Acceptability with topiramate (endpoint: 12 weeks) Number of participants experiencing troublesome side effects of any nature · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.1 [0.58, 2.1] | 1 study · 287 participants | Low |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs placebo Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in manic and mixed episodes (endpoint: 12 weeks) · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.61, 1.58] | 1 study · 287 participants | Low |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs placebo Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs placebo Remission with topiramate. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in manic and mixed episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs placebo Remission with topiramate. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as monotherapy vs an alternative drug Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint (12 weeks) on symptom rating scales in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes Lower scores indicate improvement · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 449 participants | High |
Topiramate as monotherapy vs an alternative drug Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint on symptom rating scales in the treatment of depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as monotherapy vs an alternative drug Acceptability with topiramate (12 weeks) Number of participants experiencing troublesome side effects of any nature · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.87 [0.5, 1.52] | 1 study · 230 participants | Low |
Topiramate as monotherapy vs an alternative drug Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in manic and mixed episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate vs placebo Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint (12 weeks) on symptom rating scales in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes Lower scores indicate improvement · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 212 participants | Low |
Topiramate as monotherapy vs an alternative drug Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as monotherapy vs an alternative drug Remission with topiramate. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in manic and mixed episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as monotherapy vs an alternative drug Remission with topiramate. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs alternative drug Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint on symptom rating scales in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes · people with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs alternative drug Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint on symptom rating scales in the treatment of depressive episodes · people with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs alternative drug Acceptability with topiramate (8 weeks) Number of participants experiencing troublesome side effects of any nature · people with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.57 [0.42, 5.9] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs alternative drug Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in manic and mixed episodes · people with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs alternative drug Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in depressive episodes (8 weeks) · people with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.21, 3] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs alternative drug Remission with topiramate as add‐on therapy. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in manic and mixed episodes · people with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs alternative drug Remission with topiramate. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in depressive episodes (8 weeks) · people with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.23, 4.3] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Topiramate vs placebo Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint on symptom rating scales in the treatment of depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate vs placebo Acceptability with topiramate (endpoint: 12 weeks) Number of participants experiencing troublesome side effects of any nature · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.33, 1.4] | 1 study · 212 participants | Low |
Topiramate vs placebo Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in manic and mixed episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate vs placebo Response to treatment with topiramate. Number of participants experiencing a 50% reduction or greater in mean score from baseline to end of treatment on symptom rating scales in depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate vs placebo Remission with topiramate. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in manic and mixed episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate vs placebo Remission with topiramate. Number of participants presenting with a rating scale score within the normal range at the endpoint in depressive episodes · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topiramate as add‐on therapy vs placebo Efficacy: change in scores from baseline to endpoint (12 weeks) on symptom rating scales in the treatment of manic and mixed episodes Lower scores indicate improvement · adults with acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder Topiramate for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 287 participants | Low |
Antidepressant medication vs placebo at 12 months' follow‐up Recurrence at 12 months · older people in remission from depression Continuation and maintenance treatments for depression in older people (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.55, 0.82] | 3 studies · 247 participants | Low |
Antidepressant medication vs placebo at 12 months' follow‐up Overall drop‐out rates (excluding deaths) at 12 months · older people in remission from depression Continuation and maintenance treatments for depression in older people (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.75, 2.92] | 1 study · 121 participants | Low |
Intervention NR PTSD severity following treatment completion As assessed by the CAPS, PSS‐I, or IES‐R. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder Psychological therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 405 participants | Very low |