Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,191 questions · 2,354 findings · 362 reviews

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No studies found 323 · 13.7%GRADE not reported 382 · 16.2%Very low 555 · 23.6%Low 597 · 25.4%Moderate 345 · 14.7%High 152 · 6.5%

Acupuncture vs psychological therapy

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · clinical diagnosis of depression

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for depression 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 497 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs control acupuncture

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · clinical diagnosis of depression

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for depression 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 841 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel Index score 0 to 20; lower = 0; median 3‐month · adults with acute stroke

The intervention showed no clear difference in activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel Index score 0 to 20; lower… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early versus delayed mobilisation after stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 1.94
8 studies · 2630 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Subjective Health Status score (Assessment of Quality of Life Score 0 to 1; lower = 0; end of scheduled · adults with acute stroke

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes subjective Health Status score (Assessment of Quality of Life Score… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early versus delayed mobilisation after stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.07
1 study · 68 participants
Very low

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis

Major lower GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

It is very uncertain whether direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis changes major lower GI bleeding compared with low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.43, 2.8]
4 studies · 1838 participants
Very low

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis

Minor lower GI bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in minor lower GI bleeding compared with low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.54 [0.72, 3.27]
2 studies · 1495 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Autism symptom severity Measured by: parent‐reported autism symptoms on standardised autism screening and diagnostic instruments (lower scores indicate less severe autism symptoms) · patients with young children (less than six years old) with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

1 finding from 1 review

Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 81 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Problem behavior Measured by: standardized parent‐report measures and checklists (lower scores indicate lower levels or less severe problem behavior) · patients with young children (less than six years old) with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

1 finding from 1 review

Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 67 participants
Very low

Relaxation vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 271 participants
Very low

Music vs control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 217 participants
Very low

Yoga vs control

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Physical and cognitive therapy vs usual care

Cognitive functioning b) Executve functioning (DEX score) (scores range from 0 to 80. Lower scores indicate better functioning) (DEX) · critically ill patients 18 years or older treated for respiratory failure or septic or both, cardiogenic or haemorrhagic shock who resided…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) vs placebo

Self‐reported health‐related quality of life (0‐100 scale) Higher scores indicate higher burden of disease (lower quality of life) · patients with fibromyalgia

Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors showed no clear difference in self‐reported health‐related quality of life (0‐100 scale) Higher… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for fibromyalgia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 6861 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain. WOMAC normalised to 0‐20 pain scale based on largest study reporting the 0‐20 scale (Hurley 2007). Lower score indicated less pain. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions and patient beliefs for people with hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis: a mixed methods… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1058 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Physical function. WOMAC function scales normalised to 0‐100. Lower score indicated improved physical function. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions and patient beliefs for people with hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis: a mixed methods… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 1599 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Depression. Depression scores were transformed to the HADS depression scale with score range of 0‐21. Lower score indicated less depression. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions and patient beliefs for people with hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis: a mixed methods… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 919 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Anxiety. HADS scale of 0‐21. Lower score indicated lower anxiety levels. Mean duration of · people with chronic hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions and patient beliefs for people with hip, knee or hip and knee osteoarthritis: a mixed methods… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 704 participants
Moderate

Laser photocoagulation vs no intervention

Visual acuity · people with diabetic macular oedema

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Monotherapy laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular oedema 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS positive subscore · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Craving · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Very low