Cochrane · systematic review · CD006650

Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer

Kahale, LA, Hakoum, MB, Tsolakian, IG, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018 · Cochrane Library

Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer4 versionsAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
30
current version
GRADE rated
27
No studies
3
Included studies
NR
No studies 3 · 10%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 20%Low 15 · 50%Moderate 6 · 20%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Questions and results

Show all 4 versions

Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis compared to vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis in people with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Population: People with cancer with venous thromboembolism
7 questions
OutcomeEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
All‐cause mortality (main analysis ‐ active cancer)
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.12]4 studies · 1712 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
All‐cause mortality (time‐to‐event)
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
HR 0.94 [0.74, 1.2]2 studies · 1243 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency
Recurrent venous thromboembolism (main analysis ‐ active cancer)
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.59 [0.44, 0.8]4 studies · 1712 participantsModerate
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Recurrent venous thromboembolism (time‐to‐event)
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
HR 0.49 [0.31, 0.78]2 studies · 1243 participantsModerate
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency
Major bleeding (main analysis ‐ active cancer)
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.09 [0.55, 2.12]4 studies · 1712 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Minor bleeding (main analysis ‐ active cancer)
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.78 [0.47, 1.27]4 studies · 1712 participantsVery low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Thrombocytopenia (main analysis‐ active cancer)
Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.94 [0.52, 1.69]1 study · 138 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis compared to Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis in patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism

Population: patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism
6 questions
OutcomeEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
All‐cause mortality
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.23]4 studies · 1060 participantsLow
Downgraded: inconsistency, indirectness
Recurrent venous thromboembolism
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.63 [0.34, 1.15]4 studies · 1050 participantsLow
Downgraded: inconsistency, indirectness
Major bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.77 [0.39, 1.53]4 studies · 1055 participantsLow
Downgraded: inconsistency, indirectness
Minor bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.83 [0.57, 1.23]4 studies · 1055 participantsLow
Downgraded: inconsistency, indirectness
Thrombocytopenia ‐ not reported
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Health related quality of life
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
no estimate extracted1 study · 8485 participantsModerate
Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis compared to Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis in patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Population: patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism
12 questions
OutcomeEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
All‐cause mortality
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.97 [0.83, 1.14]5 studies · 2854 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Recurrent VTE
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.63 [0.45, 0.88]5 studies · 2854 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Major bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.2 [0.83, 1.73]5 studies · 2994 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Major GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.16 [0.62, 2.17]4 studies · 1838 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Major upper GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.18 [0.51, 2.76]4 studies · 1838 participantsVery low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Major lower GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.1 [0.43, 2.8]4 studies · 1838 participantsVery low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Major non‐GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.84 [0.42, 1.68]4 studies · 1838 participantsVery low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Minor bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.58 [1.15, 2.16]5 studies · 2854 participantsModerate
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision
Minor GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.37 [0.41, 4.64]2 studies · 1495 participantsVery low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency
Minor upper GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.03 [0.04, 25.97]2 studies · 1495 participantsVery low
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency
Minor lower GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.54 [0.72, 3.27]2 studies · 1495 participantsLow
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency
Minor non‐GI bleeding
Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis
RR 2.37 [1.44, 3.89]2 studies · 1495 participantsModerate
Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency

Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis compared to vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis in people with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Population: people with cancer with VTE receiving secondary prophylaxis
5 questions
OutcomeEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
All‐cause mortality
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.11 [0.78, 1.59]1 study · 284 participantsModerate
Downgraded: imprecision
Recurrent VTE
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 0.46 [0.16, 1.32]1 study · 270 participantsLow
Downgraded: imprecision
Major bleeding
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
RR 1.11 [0.35, 3.56]1 study · 270 participantsLow
Downgraded: imprecision
Minor bleeding – not reported
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Health‐related quality of life – not reported
Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis
no estimate extractedNRNo studies