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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,645 questions in 107 reviews · Wounds
current versionsNo studies 651 · 39.6%Ungraded 84 · 5.1%Very low 554 · 33.7%Low 283 · 17.2%Moderate 64 · 3.9%High 9 · 0.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Other adverse events · patients with venous leg ulcers Oral aspirin for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 71 participants | Ungraded |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine Catheter‐related BSI ‐ overall comparison between chlorhexidine and povidone‐iodine (during in‐patient stay) · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.41, 0.99] | 4 studies · 1436 participants | Very low |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine Catheter‐related BSI ‐ subgroup: chlorhexidine in aqueous solution versus povidone‐iodine in aqueous solution · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.32, 1.28] | 2 studies · 452 participants | Very low |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine Catheter‐related BSI ‐ subgroup: chlorhexidine in alcohol versus povidone‐iodine in aqueous solution · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.39, 1.53] | 2 studies · 503 participants | Very low |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine Catheter‐related BSI ‐ subgroup: chlorhexidine in alcohol versus povidone‐iodine in alcohol · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.13, 1.24] | 1 study · 481 participants | Moderate |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine Primary BSI or clinical sepsis · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine All‐cause mortality ‐ Chlorhexidine in aqueous solution versus povidone‐iodine in aqueous solution Clinical assessment · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.72, 1.83] | 1 study · 213 participants | Low |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine All‐cause mortality ‐ Chlorhexidine in alcohol versus povidone‐iodine in aqueous solution Clinical assessment · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.48, 1.34] | 1 study · 222 participants | Low |
Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine Mortality attributable the CVC‐related infections. · patients with a central venous catheter Skin antisepsis for reducing central venous catheter‐related infections (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Proportion of ulcers completely healed (overall) · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.66 [1.3, 2.12] | 3 studies · 438 participants | Low |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Direct costs · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Proportion of ulcers completely healed at 30 days · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.91 [1, 3.66] | 1 study · 114 participants | Very low |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Proportion of ulcers completely healed at 60 days · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [1.2, 2.28] | 2 studies · 324 participants | Low |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Proportion of ulcers completely healed at 90 days · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.17, 2.2] | 1 study · 230 participants | Low |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Time to complete ulcer healing · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Change in absolute ulcer size · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Ulcer recurrence · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Adverse effects · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.48, 4.34] | 2 studies · 344 participants | Very low |
Sulodexide + local treatment vs local treatment Health‐related quality of life · patients with venous leg ulcers Sulodexide for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of any surgical site infection · lower limb arterial surgery Wound drainage for lower limb arterial surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.3, 5.94] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Incidence of wound dehiscence · lower limb arterial surgery Wound drainage for lower limb arterial surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of reoperation for wound or graft‐related complications · lower limb arterial surgery Wound drainage for lower limb arterial surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Changes in health‐related quality of life · lower limb arterial surgery Wound drainage for lower limb arterial surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time to wound healing · patients aged 18 years or over with primary perianal abscess Internal dressings for healing perianal abscess cavities (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Wound pain at initial dressing change Scale: VAS (high score= worse pain) · patients aged 18 years or over with primary perianal abscess Internal dressings for healing perianal abscess cavities (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 57 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Wound pain over 2 weeks Scale: VAS (high score= worse pain) · patients aged 18 years or over with primary perianal abscess Internal dressings for healing perianal abscess cavities (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 57 participants | Very low |
Skin grafts and tissue replacements vs placebo or standard care Incidence of complete closure of the ulcer (healing rate) · People with diabetes who have foot ulcers Skin grafting and tissue replacement for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.55 [1.3, 1.85] | 13 studies · 1472 participants | Low |
Skin grafts and tissue replacements vs placebo or standard care Time to complete closure of the ulcer · People with diabetes who have foot ulcers Skin grafting and tissue replacement for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Skin grafts and tissue replacements vs placebo or standard care Total incidence of lower limb amputations · People with diabetes who have foot ulcers Skin grafting and tissue replacement for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.23, 0.81] | 2 studies · 522 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs no topical antibiotic. Surgical site infection · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound(s) was planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.42, 0.87] | 7 studies · 5427 participants | Moderate |
Topical antibiotics vs antiseptic Wounds healed 5‐14 days · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs no topical antibiotic. Allergic contact dermatitis · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound(s) was planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.94 [0.46, 34] | 3 studies · 3012 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs no topical antibiotic. Anaphylaxis · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound(s) was planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs no topical antibiotic. Patterns of antibiotic resistance · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound(s) was planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs no topical antibiotic. Wounds healed 5‐14 days · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound(s) was planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs antiseptic Surgical site infection · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.3, 0.8] | 4 studies · 1299 participants | Moderate |
Topical antibiotics vs antiseptic Allergic contact dermatitis · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.52, 1.82] | 1 study · 541 participants | Very low |
Topical antibiotics vs antiseptic Anaphylaxis · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs antiseptic Patterns of antibiotic resistance · people presenting for surgery where healing of surgical wound planned to be by primary intention Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Protease‐modulating matrix dressing regimen vs any other dressing regimen TIme to complete healing · people with venous leg ulcers Protease‐modulating matrix treatments for healing venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | HR 1.21 [0.74, 1.97] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Protease‐modulating matrix dressing regimen vs any other dressing regimen Proportion of participants healed ‐ short term (4‐8 weeks) · people with venous leg ulcers Protease‐modulating matrix treatments for healing venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.34, 1.58] | 2 studies · 207 participants | Very low |
Protease‐modulating matrix dressing regimen vs any other dressing regimen Proportion of participants healed ‐ medium term (12 weeks) · people with venous leg ulcers Protease‐modulating matrix treatments for healing venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.95, 1.71] | 4 studies · 192 participants | Low |
Protease‐modulating matrix dressing regimen vs any other dressing regimen Proportion of participants healed ‐ long term (over 24 weeks) · people with venous leg ulcers Protease‐modulating matrix treatments for healing venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.8, 1.41] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Protease‐modulating matrix dressing regimen vs any other dressing regimen Proportion of participants with 1 or more adverse events at 2‐12 weeks · people with venous leg ulcers Protease‐modulating matrix treatments for healing venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.75, 1.42] | 5 studies · 363 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Diabetic ulcers healed at 1 year. · patients with chronic wounds Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic wounds (2015) · Cochrane | RR 9.53 [0.44, 207.76] | 3 studies · 212 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Diabetic ulcers ‐ major amputations · patients with chronic wounds Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic wounds (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.11, 1.18] | 5 studies · 312 participants | Moderate |
Preoperative showering with chlorhexidine 4% vs placebo Surgical site infection · surgical patients Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.8, 1.04] | 4 studies · 7791 participants | High |
Preoperative showering with chlorhexidine 4% vs placebo Allergic reaction · surgical patients Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.36, 2.19] | 2 studies · 3589 participants | Moderate |
Chlorhexidine 4% vs bar soap Surgical site infection · Surgical patients Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.57, 1.84] | 3 studies · 1443 participants | Very low |
Chlorhexadine 4% vs no wash Surgical site infection · surgical patients Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.26, 2.62] | 3 studies · 1142 participants | Very low |