Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,345 questions · 4,525 findings · 483 reviews

No studies found 1,024 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 388 · 8.6%Very low 1,172 · 25.9%Low 1,227 · 27.1%Moderate 576 · 12.7%High 138 · 3%

Intervention not reported

Immediate postoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured after surgery, in recovery, or at discharge from recovery room 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Delayed postoperative anxiety (STAI) STAI (20 to 80) measured 6 hours after surgery 20: no anxiety 80: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Postoperative anxiety (6‐item STAI) STAI 6‐item (6 to 24) measured 1 hour and 6 hours after surgery 6: no anxiety 24: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

Occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after surgery: 2 to 6 hours;12 hours; 1 day; 2 days; 3 days; 14 days; 30 days; or time point was not reported Measurement tools: simple questioning; interviews; or structured questionna... · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia

Bispectral index may leads to lower occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with clinical signs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bispectral index vs ETAG

Occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after surgery: 2 to 6 hours;12 hours; 1 day; 2 days; 3 days; 14 days; 30 days; or time point was not reported Measurement tools: simple questioning; interviews; or structured questionna... · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia

BIS showed no clear difference in occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with ETAG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Iron therapy vs No treatment, placebo, usual care, or another oral care measure

Haemoglobin (g/dL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery

Iron therapy showed no clear difference in haemoglobin levels at end of preoperative treatment (g/dL) compared with placebo, no treatment or standard care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intravenous iron vs oral iron

Haemoglobin (g/dL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery

Intravenous iron therapy may leads to higher haemoglobin levels at end of preoperative treatment (g/dL) compared with oral iron therapy (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Regional anaesthesia vs conventional pain control

Persistent pain 3 to 12 months after breast cancer surgery (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between... · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

Regional anaesthesia may leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 12 months after breast cancer surgery (We… compared with conventional pain control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 6 months after breast cancer surgery (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between ... · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 6 months after breast cancer surgery (We… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐ vs high‐energy diode trans‐scleral cyclophotocoagulation

Proportion needing additional glaucoma surgery at 1‐year · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma and no previous glaucoma surgery

Low‐ showed no clear difference in additional glaucoma surgery compared with high‐energy diode trans‐scleral cyclophotocoagulation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

AKI within 30 days of surgery · adults with normal kidney function undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes AKI within 30 days of surgery compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

RRT within 30 days of surgery · adults with normal kidney function undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes RRT within 30 days of surgery compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Hospital length of stay (patients recovering from orthopaedic surgery) · patients recovering from surgery who otherwise would require acute hospital inpatient care

The intervention showed no clear difference in hospital length of stay (patients recovering from orthopaedic surgery) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review