Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,793 questions · 1,866 findings · 339 reviews

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No studies found 245 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 142 · 7.6%Very low 612 · 32.8%Low 513 · 27.5%Moderate 305 · 16.3%High 49 · 2.6%

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Health‐related quality of life (mental) · intermittent claudication

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy versus home‐based exercise therapy versus walking advice for intermittent claudication 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 68 participants
Low

Supervised exercise therapy vs walking advice

Quality of Life: SF‐36 (physical component) · intermittent claudication

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy versus home‐based exercise therapy versus walking advice for intermittent claudication 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 296 participants
Low

Supervised exercise therapy vs walking advice

Health‐related quality of life (mental) · intermittent claudication

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy versus home‐based exercise therapy versus walking advice for intermittent claudication 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 296 participants
Low

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · women with UI (all types)

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 146 participants
Moderate

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · UUI in women

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Short (up to 1 hour) pad test measured as grams of urine Treatment duration: 6 weeks to 6 months · women with SUI

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 185 participants
Moderate

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs placebo

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · patients with schizophrenia

ORAL FLUPHENAZINE probably leads to higher adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects (akathisia) ‐ short… compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.43 [1.23, 9.56]
2 studies · 227 participants
Moderate

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs placebo

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia

ORAL FLUPHENAZINE probably leads to higher adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects (rigidity) ‐ short… compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.54 [1.76, 7.14]
2 studies · 227 participants
Moderate

Topical timolol vs placebo

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious cardiovascular adverse events ‐ bradycardia 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Low

Oral propranolol vs topical timolol

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse events 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin

It is very uncertain whether oral propranolol changes adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse… compared with topical timolol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7 [0.4, 123.35]
1 study · 26 participants
Very low

Oral propranolol vs placebo

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious adverse events 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin

Oral propranolol showed no clear difference in adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious adverse… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.33, 3.39]
3 studies · 509 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs sham

Change in SBP shortly after last session · people with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for hypertension 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 386 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs sham

Change in DBP shortly after last session · people with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for hypertension 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 386 participants
Very low

Idebenone vs placebo

Change in cardiac function (change in fractional shortening) · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and X‐linked… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Massage vs usual care

Sense of control in labour ‐ not reported · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Massage, reflexology and other manual methods for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs sham

Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents

Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (short term: 4 to 12… compared with gastrokinetic agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [1.17, 1.33]
12 studies · 963 participants
Very low

Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents

Changes of medication for gastroparesis (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents

Quality of life (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents

Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Very low