Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

603 questions · 627 findings · 69 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 111 · 17.7%GRADE not reported 27 · 4.3%Very low 191 · 30.5%Low 138 · 22%Moderate 100 · 15.9%High 60 · 9.6%

Oxycodone vs placebo

Deaths · adults with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Oxycodone for pain in fibromyalgia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Adverse events · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 out of 3 studies reported this outcome. One study reported no differences between groups, and the other study reported more vomiting in the placebo group (Takmaz 2009: vomiting 40% placebo versus 10% intervention; P…
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Perioperative infraorbital nerve block vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

Length of hospital stay · Children up to 13 years of age, undergoing cleft lip repair surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
None of the included studies reported this outcome.
0 studies
No studies found

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Xerostomia (dry mouth relief) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Johnson 1993: positive response (>25 mm change in VAS score) in 25% of participants on placebo, 51% on pilocarpine 5 mg tds, 47% on pilocarpine 10 mg tds. LeVeque 1993: positive response in 7% on placebo vs 42% on…
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Other oral symptoms (oral discomfort, dysphonia) · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Both studies assessed oral discomfort and dysphonia (Johnson 1993; LeVeque 1993); pilocarpine reported to improve associated symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction (oral discomfort, dysphonia). No pooled data.
2 studies · 278 participants
GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs placebo

Salivary flow rate · Patients with radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction

1 finding from 1 review

Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
Only two studies measured salivary flow rates (Johnson 1993; LeVeque 1993); no usable summary/pooled data reported.
2 studies
GRADE not reported

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Migraine frequency Number of attacks · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 113 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Migraine intensity Score · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 113 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Migraine duration Hours · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
GRADE not reported

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Symptomatic/analgesic medication use for acute headache attacks · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 113 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Migraine index · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 86 participants
Very low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Quality of life · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Number withdrawn due to adverse events · patients for whom migraine preventive interventions are indicated

It is very uncertain whether SSRIs or SNRIs changes withdrawn (due to adverse events) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.95 [0.7, 5.44]
5 studies · 221 participants
Very low

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

2 findings from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 314 participants
High
Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 348 participants
Moderate

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

Clinical success (eg 50% reduction in pain) Chronic conditions · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 241 participants
Moderate

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Local adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 6125 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Systemic adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
38 studies · 5372 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Withdrawals ‐ adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 5790 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

Serious adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Tramadol vs placebo

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol may leads to lower number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for postoperative pain treatment in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.4 [0.2, 0.78]
5 studies · 289 participants
Low