Microbial resistance to prophylactic drug · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in microbial resistance to prophylactic drug compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal death rate due congenital syphilis · newborns with congenital syphilis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Neonatal mortality · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in neonatal death rate due any cause compared with no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during compared with no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · newborns with congenital syphilis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serological cure (4‐fold decrease or greater in non‐treponemal tests titre) · newborns with congenital syphilis
Antibiotic treatment may leads to higher serological cure (≥ 4‐fold decrease in non‐treponemal tests titre) compared with no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Minor adverse events · newborns with congenital syphilis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Length of hospital stay · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Surgical site infection · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… changes surgical site infections compared with oral antibiotics alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anastomotic leakage · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in anastomotic leakage compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative ileus · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in incidence of postoperative ileus compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain ‐ Pain at 11 to 14 days · children with acute otitis media
Immediate antibiotics showed no clear difference in pain ‐ Pain at 11 to 14 days compared with expectant observation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vomiting, diarrhoea or rash · children with acute otitis media
Immediate antibiotics leads to higher vomiting, diarrhoea or rash compared with expectant observation (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Abnormal tympanometry ‐ 1 month · children with acute otitis media
Immediate antibiotics showed no clear difference in abnormal tympanometry at 4 weeks compared with expectant observation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain ‐ pain at 2 to 3 days · children with acute otitis media
Immediate antibiotics may leads to lower pain ‐ Pain at 2 to 3 days compared with expectant observation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain ‐ Pain at 3 to 7 days · children with acute otitis media
Immediate antibiotics showed no clear difference in pain ‐ Pain at 3 to 7 days compared with expectant observation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Wound infection · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair
It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes all wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
DSSI · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair
Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
DSSI ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair
Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI ‐ low infection risk environment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review