Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Mortality within · Individuals with peripheral arterial disease Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.71, 1.25] | 5 studies · 961 participants | High |
LMWH vs VKA Incidence of recurrent VTE (treatment duration 3 months) · patients with symptomatic VTE requiring long term treatment (3 months) for symptomatic VTE Vitamin K antagonists versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous… (2017) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.83 [0.6, 1.15] | 16 studies · 3299 participants | Moderate |
LMWH vs VKA Incidence of major bleeding (treatment duration 3 months) · patients with symptomatic VTE requiring long term treatment (3 months) for symptomatic VTE Vitamin K antagonists versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous… (2017) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.51 [0.32, 0.8] | 16 studies · 3299 participants | Low |
LMWH vs VKA Mortality (treatment duration 3 months) · patients with symptomatic VTE requiring long term treatment (3 months) for symptomatic VTE Vitamin K antagonists versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous… (2017) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.08 [0.75, 1.56] | 16 studies · 3299 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cumulative incidence of any PTS ( Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.38, 1.01] | 5 studies · 1393 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cumulative incidence of severe PTS ( Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.53, 1.15] | 4 studies · 1224 participants | Low |
Intervention NR VTE: recurrence of DVT occurring in the first 2 weeks after initiation of treatment ( Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.69, 1.28] | 4 studies · 1212 participants | Low |
Intervention NR VTE: incidence of PE occurring in the first 2 weeks after initiation of treatment ( Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1296 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects ( Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1296 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Patient satisfaction or QOL ( Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1377 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Compliance (percentage compliance with treatment during 2‐year study periodl) Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | 2 | 8 studies · 1639 participants | Low |
Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair Short‐term mortality (30‐day or in‐hospital) · people diagnosed with RAAA Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.66, 1.16] | 4 studies · 868 participants | Moderate |
Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair Endoleak (30‐day) · people diagnosed with RAAA Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 128 participants | Low |
Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair Complication: myocardial infarction (30‐day) · people diagnosed with RAAA Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.38 [0.34, 16.53] | 2 studies · 139 participants | Low |
Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair Complication: renal complications (moderate or severe) (30‐day) · people diagnosed with RAAA Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.21, 5.42] | 3 studies · 255 participants | Low |
Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair Complication: respiratory failure (30‐day) · people diagnosed with RAAA Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2017) · Cochrane | OR 3.62 [0.14, 95.78] | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair Complication: bowel ischaemia (30‐day) · people diagnosed with RAAA Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.14, 0.94] | 2 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Emergency endovascular aneurysm repair vs conventional open repair Mortality (6 months) · people diagnosed with RAAA Endovascular treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.4, 1.98] | 1 study · 116 participants | Moderate |
Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis or placebo Deep venous thrombosis · prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb immobilization Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.45 [0.33, 0.61] | 7 studies · 1676 participants | Moderate |
Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis or placebo Pulmonary embolism · prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb immobilization Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.17, 1.47] | 5 studies · 2517 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis or placebo Symptomatic venous thromboembolism · prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb immobilization Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.21, 0.76] | 6 studies · 2924 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis or placebo Mortality due to pulmonary embolism · prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb immobilization Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 3111 participants | Ungraded |
Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis or placebo Mortality due to other causes · prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb immobilization Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.15] | 8 studies · 3111 participants | Low |
Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis or placebo Adverse outcomes · prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb immobilization Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower‐limb… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.01 [0.83, 4.86] | 8 studies · 3178 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs intravenous unfractionated heparin Symptomatic recurrent VTE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.66 [0.89, 3.1] | 8 studies · 965 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin PE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.36, 1.96] | 5 studies · 1819 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin VTE‐related mortality at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.53 [0.17, 1.67] | 8 studies · 2469 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin Major bleedingd (3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.43, 1.2] | 5 studies · 2300 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin All‐cause mortality (7 days ‐ 3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.5, 1.07] | 7 studies · 2272 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin Asymptomatic VTE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs intravenous unfractionated heparin Symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 3.29 [0.64, 17.06] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs intravenous unfractionated heparin PE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.44 [0.73, 2.84] | 9 studies · 1161 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs intravenous unfractionated heparin VTE‐related mortality at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.2, 4.88] | 9 studies · 1168 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs intravenous unfractionated heparin Major bleedingd (7 days ‐ 12 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.42, 1.97] | 4 studies · 583 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs intravenous unfractionated heparin All‐cause mortality (5 days to 12 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.74 [0.67, 4.51] | 8 studies · 972 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs intravenous unfractionated heparin Asymptomatic VTE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin Symptomatic recurrent VTE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.01 [0.63, 1.63] | 5 studies · 2156 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin Symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.38 [0.73, 2.63] | 3 studies · 1566 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) · people undergoing surgical procedures and treated with UFH or LMWH for prophylaxis of thrombotic events lasting at… Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.07, 0.73] | 3 studies · 1398 participants | Low |
Intervention NR HIT in people undergoing major surgical procedures · people undergoing surgical procedures and treated with UFH or LMWH for prophylaxis of thrombotic events lasting at… Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.06, 0.75] | 2 studies · 586 participants | Low |
Intervention NR HIT complicated by venous thromboembolism · people undergoing surgical procedures and treated with UFH or LMWH for prophylaxis of thrombotic events lasting at… Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparins for avoiding heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.06, 0.84] | 3 studies · 1398 participants | Low |
Metoprolol vs placebo All‐cause mortality, 30 days1 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.17 [0.02, 1.41] | 1 study · 227 participants | Low |
Metoprolol vs placebo Cardiovascular death, 30 days3 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.02, 1.76] | 1 study · 227 participants | Low |
Metoprolol vs placebo AAA‐related death, 30 days4 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.06, 16.92] | 1 study · 227 participants | Low |
Metoprolol vs placebo Nonfatal cardiovascular event, 30 days5 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.44 [0.58, 3.57] | 1 study · 227 participants | Low |
Metoprolol vs placebo All‐cause mortality, 6 months1 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.26, 1.95] | 1 study · 227 participants | Low |
Metoprolol vs placebo Cardiovascular death, 6 months3 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.23, 2.39] | 1 study · 227 participants | Low |
Metoprolol vs placebo AAA‐related death, 6 months4 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metoprolol vs placebo Nonfatal cardiovascular event, 6 months5 · patients of any age with AAA less than 30 mm in diameter Pharmacological treatment of vascular risk factors for reducing mortality and cardiovascular events in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.41 [0.59, 3.35] | 1 study · 227 participants | Low |
Extended prophylaxis vs placebo VTE‐related mortalitya · patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.14, 6.98] | 4 studies · 1862 participants | Low |